| 摘要: |
| 【目的】设计勺式谷子精量穴播排种器，为提高谷子的精量化播种提供支持。【方法】依据谷子精量穴播播种农艺要求，对排种器关键部件的结构参数进行设计计算，通过理论分析建立了种子在槽孔式取种勺内部的力学模型，以确定影响排种效果的关键参数。利用EDEM离散元仿真软件，以合格率、重播率和漏播率为评价指标，以排种器转速、取种勺直径以及取种勺开口长度为试验因素，进行三因素五水平参数仿真组合试验，并建立回归模型，再采用多目标变量优化方法，运用Design Expert 10.0.3对回归模型进行优化求解，确定最佳结构参数组合并进行仿真验证试验。最后以合格率、重播率、漏播率为指标，利用圆整后的参数组合开展田间对比试验，对仿真结果的可靠性进行验证。【结果】根据谷子精量穴播播种农艺要求，设计了由固定鸭嘴、活动鸭嘴、壳体、弹簧、鸭嘴固定板、落种室、槽孔式取种勺等结构组成的勺式谷子精量穴播排种器。多因素仿真试验分析表明，设计的勺式谷子精量穴播排种器在转速为48.970 r/min，取种勺直径为6.266 mm，取种勺开口长度为3.943 mm时，排种器排种效果达到最佳，在此最优参数组合下合格率为92.78%，重播率为4.45%，漏播率为2.77%。利用圆整后的参数组合(排种器转速49 r/min，取种勺直径6.3 mm，取种勺开口长度4.0 mm)进行仿真试验验证，得到排种器的合格率为92.59%，重播率为4.51%，漏播率为2.90%。田间验证试验表明，该排种器的合格率为89.73%，重播率为5.50%，漏播率为4.77%。【结论】田间试验和仿真试验合格率的误差不超过5%，表明所设计的勺式谷子精量穴播排种器结构可靠，能满足谷子精量穴播播种的农艺要求。 |
| 关键词: 谷子 穴播 排种器 精量化播种 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.11.003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2024E103) |
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| Design and experiment of spoon-type millet precision dibbling seeder |
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KONG Lingtong, TAO Guixiang, YI Shujuan, ZHANG Yupeng, LIU Huayu
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College of Engineering，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The spoon-type millet precision dibbling seeder was designed to provide support for improving the precision seeding of millet.【Method】According to the agronomic requirements of millet precision dibbling,the structural parameters of the key components of the dibbling seeder were calculated.Through theoretical analysis,the mechanical model of the seed inside the slotted spoon was established to determine the key parameters affecting the seeding effect.With EDEM discrete element simulation software,the three-factor and five-level parameter simulation combination test was carried out with the qualified rate,reseeding rate and missed seeding rate as the evaluation indexes,and the rotational speed of the dibbling seeder,the diameter of the seed spoon and the opening length of the seed spoon as the test factors,and a regression model was established.Then,the multi-objective variable optimization method was used to optimize the regression model by Design-Expert 10.0.3.The optimal structural parameter combination was determined,and the simulation verification test was carried out.Finally,with the qualified rate,replay rate and missed rate as the indexes,the field comparison test was carried out based on the rounded parameter combination,and the reliability of the simulation results was verified.【Result】According to the agronomic requirements of millet precision dibbling sowing,a spoon-type millet precision dibbling seeder was designed,which was composed of a fixed duckbill,a movable duckbill,a shell,a spring,a duckbill fixed plate,a seed chamber,and a slotted seed scoop.The multi-factor simulation test analysis indicated that the designed spoon-type millet precision dibbling seeder showed the best seeding performance when the rotation speed was 48.970 r/min,the diameter of the spoon was 6.266 mm,and the opening length of the spoon was 3.943 mm.Under this optimal parameter combination,the qualified rate was 92.78%,the reseeding rate was 4.45%,and the missed seeding rate was 2.77%.The simulation test was carried out with the rounded parameter combination (the rotation speed of the dibbling seeder was 49 r/min,the diameter of the seed collecting spoon was 6.3 mm,and the opening length of the seed collecting spoon was 4.0 mm).The qualified rate of the dibbling seeder was 92.59%,the reseeding rate was 4.51%,and the missed seeding rate was 2.90%.The field verification test showed that the qualified rate of the seed metering device was 89.73%,the reseeding rate was 5.50%,and the missed seeding rate was 4.77%.【Conclusion】The error of the qualified rate of the field test and the simulation test is no more than 5%,which shows that the designed spoon-type millet precision dibbling seeder is reliable in structure and can meet the agronomic requirements of millet precision hill-seeding. |
| Key words: millet hole seeding planting apparatus precise quantitative seeding |
