| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索枣不同倍性杂交后代花粉形态特征及变异程度，比较枣不同倍性群组的花粉形态差异，为枣孢粉学倍性鉴定与种质资源育种提供理论参考。【方法】采用扫描电镜对二倍体冬枣（2n=24）×四倍体辰光（2n=48）杂交获得的三倍体子代（13个）和二倍体子代（8个）的花粉形态特征进行观察和测量，并基于赤道轴长度、极轴长度、极赤比、花粉大小对供试材料进行聚类分析。【结果】三倍体子代花粉与二倍体子代花粉及其亲本均为N3P4C5型单粒3沟孔类型，极面均为三角形。三倍体子代赤道轴长度和花粉大小分别为17.36 μm和443.27 μm2，与四倍体父本辰光、二倍体子代存在显著或极显著差异；极赤比大小排序依次为二倍体母本冬枣＞二倍体子代＞三倍体子代＞四倍体父本辰光，花粉形状随着倍性的增加呈近圆趋势。三倍体子代外壁纹饰粗糙，大部分呈网状雕纹，极面端小部分网脊平行交叉分布；二倍体子代外壁纹饰较整齐，中部呈网状雕纹，靠近极端呈条状雕纹，亲本与子代萌发孔均出现瘤状物。在欧氏距离为5时，供试枣群体分为4类，其中父本辰光单独聚为一类，母本冬枣和多数二倍体子代聚为一类，多数三倍体子代聚为一类；21个后代群体中出现了4个花粉形态与倍性不一致的株系。【结论】枣亲本和子代花粉的萌发孔与外壁纹饰均为同一类型；三倍体子代群体花粉性状较二倍体子代群体变异程度大；赤道轴长、极赤比、花粉大小可以用于花粉形态倍性的初步鉴定。 |
| 关键词: 枣 倍性 杂交后代 花粉形态 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.03.007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目（2023CB009-04） |
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| Study on pollen morphological differences in the offspring of jujube with different ploidy hybrids |
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GE Lixin1, ZHANG Qiang1, XUAN Jiayuan1, WANG Jiurui2, LIU Mengjun2, YAN Fenfen1
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1.College of Horticulture and Forestry/The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and SuperiorQuality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjing,Tarim University,Alaer,Xinjiang 843300,China;2.Research Center of Chinese Jujube，Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding，Hebei 071001,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics and variation degree of pollen in different ploidy hybrids,and provide a theoretical reference for the identification of pollen ploidy and germplasm resource breeding of jujube.【Method】The pollen morphological characteristics of the triploid offspring (13) and diploid offspring (8) obtained through hybridization of diploid Dongzao (2n=24)×tetraploid Chenguang (2n=48) were observed and measured using scanning electron microscopy.Cluster analysis was then carried out based on the length of the equatorial axis,the length of the polar axis,the polar ratio,and the pollen size.【Result】The pollen of triploid offspring,diploid offspring,and their parents were all of N3P4C5 type,featuring single grains and 3 furrow pores,with triangular polar surfaces.The equatorial axis length and pollen size of triploid offspring were 17.36 μm and 443.27 μm2,respectively,which were significantly or very significantly different from that of tetraploid parent Tatsukoshi and diploid offspring.The polar ratio of the size of triploid offspring was in the order of diploid parent Dongzao＞diploid offspring＞triploid offspring＞and tetraploid parent Chenguang,and the shape of the pollen showed a tendency of near-circularity with the increase of ploidy.As ploidy increased,the pollen shape tended towards near-circularity.The outer wall of triploid offspring was roughly decorated,most of which was reticulate sculptured,and a small portion of the reticulate ridges were parallel and cross-distributed at the extreme end.In contrast,the outer wall of diploid offspring was more neatly decorated,with reticulate sculpturing in the middle and stripe sculpturing near the extreme.The germination holes of both parents and offspring appeared verrucose.When the Euclidean distance was set at 5,the test jujube population was divided into four classes.Specifically,the parent Chenguang was clustered into a separate class,while the parent Dongzao and most diploid offspring formed another class.Most of the triploid offspring comprised the third class.Among the 21 offspring populations,four strains exhibited inconsistent pollen morphology and ploidy levels,thus forming the fourth class.【Conclusion】The germination holes and outer wall ornamentation of jujube parents and offspring were of the same type.The pollen traits of triploid offspring exhibited greater variability compared to those of diploid offspring populations,and the length of the equatorial axis,extreme red ratio,and pollen size could be used for the preliminary identification of pollen morphoploidy. |
| Key words: jujube ploidy hybrid offspring pollen morphology |
