| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定甘肃静宁地区烟富3号、成纪1号、静宁1号、KCo 8号、甘红、烟富0号、首富1号、2001富士等8种晚熟苹果的适宜采收时期。【方法】于2020年10月2日（花后170 d，DAF 170 d）至2020年10月22日（花后190 d，DAF 190 d）进行采样，每隔5 d采样1次，共采5次，测算8种晚熟苹果果实品质指标（单果质量、果实纵径和横径、果心大小、可食比、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖和可滴定酸含量、果皮花青苷相对含量、可溶性糖及有机酸含量、甜度）。对不同采收期8个晚熟苹果的22个品质指标进行主成分分析，并利用综合评价函数计算不同采收期果实品质得分（F），对苹果果实品质进行综合评价，确定其最佳采收期。【结果】随着采收期的推迟，各品种单果质量、果实纵和横径、果心大小、可食比及可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖和花青苷含量均呈逐渐增大的趋势；果实硬度、可滴定酸含量均逐渐降低。不同品种不同采样时期苹果果实可溶性糖中均以果糖含量最高，占4种可溶性糖总量的37.65%～60.65%；在整个采收过程中苹果酸含量最高，为2.014～8.704 mg/g，占酸总量的70%以上。各品种苹果的品质得分（F）均随着采收期的推迟而逐渐升高，烟富3号、成纪1号、首富1号、2001富士品质得分均在DAF 180～190 d为正值，静宁1号、KCo 8号、甘红和烟富0号品质得分在DAF 185～190 d为正值；各品种苹果果实品质得分均在DAF 190 d达到最高。【结论】烟富3号、成纪1号、首富1号、2001富士最佳采收期为DAF 180～190 d，静宁1号、KCo 8号、甘红和烟富0号最佳采收期为DFA 185～190 d。 |
| 关键词: 晚熟苹果 果实品质 采收期 甘肃静宁 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.03.008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1602106）；甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA045)；2023丝路寒旱农业科技项目（KJZC-2023-13） |
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| Determination of the harvest date of 8 late-maturing apple varieties in Jingning county |
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LI Yutao1, HE Yajuan2, HOU Xuemei1, LIU Yuanyuan1, MAO Juan1, MA Zonghuan1, CHEN Baihong1
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1.College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;2.Gausu Yasheng Potato Group CO.,LTD,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to determine the suitable harvest time for eight late-ripening apple,including Yanfu No.3,Chengji No.1,Jingning No.1,KCo No.8,Ganhong,Yanfu No.0,Shoufu No.1 and 2001 Fuji in Jingning area,Gansu Province.【Method】Eight kinds of late-ripening apple fruit quality indexes (single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameter,core size,edible ratio,hardness,soluble solids content,total soluble sugar and titratable acid content,anthocyanin content,soluble sugar and organic acid content,and sweetness) were measured from October 2 (from 170 days after flowering,170 d DAF) to October 22 (190 d DAF),2020.Samples were taken every 5 days for a total of 5 times.Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on 22 quality indexes of samples of 8 late-ripening apples at different harvest stages,and the fruit quality scores (F) at different harvest stages were calculated by the comprehensive evaluation function.And the fruit quality of 8 late-ripening apples at different harvest dates was comprehensively evaluated to determine the best harvest periods.【Result】With the postponement of the harvest date,the single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit,fruit core size and the edible ratio of each variety increased.The content of soluble solids,total soluble sugars and anthocyanins increased gradually.However,fruit hardness and titratable acid content gradually decreased.Among the soluble sugars of apple fruits of different varieties and different sampling periods,the content of fructose was the highest,accounting for 37.65%-60.65% of the total soluble sugars of the four varieties.The content of malic acid remained the highest during the whole harvesting process,which was 2.014-8.704 mg/g,accounting for more than 70% of the total acid.The quality score (F) of all varieties gradually increased with the delaying of harvest,and the quality scores of Yanfu No.3,Chengji No.1,Shoufu No.1 and 2001 Fuji were positive in 180-190 d DAF,while the quality scores of Jingning No.1,KCo No.8,Ganhong and Yanfu No.0 were positive in 185-190 d DAF.The fruit quality score of all varieties reached the highest at 190 d DAF.【Conclusion】The best harvest period of Yanfu No.3,Chengji No.1,Shoufu No.1 and 2001 Fuji was 180-190 d DAF,while 185-190 d DAF was the best harvest time for Jingning No.1,KCo No.8,Ganhong and Yanfu No.0. |
| Key words: late maturing apple fruit quality harvest period Jingning county,Gansu Province |
