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| 宁夏六盘山地区膜荚黄芪迁地保护的适应性分析 |
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高丽凡1, 马小霞1, 朱强2, 张旭3, 梁世琦1, 成靓1, 王玲霞1,2, 梁文裕1,2
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1.宁夏大学 生命科学学院，宁夏 银川 750021;2.宁夏大学 林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，宁夏 银川 750021;3.隆德县农业技术推广服务中心，宁夏 隆德 756300
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨膜荚黄芪迁地保护的适应性，为膜荚黄芪种质资源保护和引种回归提供理论依据。【方法】以膜荚黄芪为研究对象，综合比较其在六盘山野生分布区与迁地保护区之间生长、生理、化学计量及药效成分等多个维度的差异。【结果】迁地保护的膜荚黄芪繁殖正常，且发芽率与野生分布区相比无显著差异；野生和迁地保护 区土壤pH均近中性，含水率（SWC）无显著差异。迁地保护区土壤全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、碱解氮（HN）、速效钾（AK） 含量均显著低于野生分布区，而有机碳（SOC）含量显著高于野生分布区，全钾（TK）和速效磷（AP）含量无显著差异； 迁地保护区膜荚黄芪叶片的功能性状优于野生分布区，除叶片干物质含量无显著差异外，叶长、叶宽、叶表面积、叶长 宽比和相对含水量较野生分布区分别提高了30.2%，17.4%，54.1%，17.4%和11.9%。迁地保护对膜荚黄芪叶片的 蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）及水分利用效率（WUE）均有显著影响，与野生分布区相比，迁地保护区膜荚黄芪叶片的Ci和WUE显著降低了47.0%和40.3%，而 Tr极显著提高了189.1%。迁地保护区膜荚黄芪绿叶期叶片氮和磷含量（20.0和18.4 mg/g）均低于野生分布区（23.9和23.2 mg/g），但其在较低养分条件下仍能维持形态建成。野生与 迁地保护区膜荚黄芪叶片氮磷比（N∶P）分别为10.92和10.28，膜荚黄芪在两种生境下均受氮素限制。迁地保护区膜 荚黄芪叶片的钾回收效率（KRE）极显著高于野生分布区，而氮回收效率（NRE）和磷回收效率（PRE）显著低于野生分布区；迁地保护区膜荚黄芪根中黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量分别为0.286%和0.094%，均显著高于野生分 布区（0.242%和0.046%），且符合《中华人民共和国药典》（2025版）标准；野生分布区与迁地保护区膜荚黄芪根中的 差异与非差异代谢物类别和关键代谢通路无明显差异，其差异仅体现在各类型的相对占比和通路中富集的代谢物数 量上。【结论】迁地保护后的膜荚黄芪适应宁夏固原市的迁地生境，生长状态良好，且药效品质高于野生分布区。 |
| 关键词: 膜荚黄芪 迁地保护 适应性 生态化学计量特征 宁夏六盘山 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2027. 01. 014 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重点项目（2024BEG02037，2022BBF02032） |
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| Adaptive analysis on ex⁃situ conservation of Astragalus membranaceus in Liupan Mountain region of Ningxia |
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Gao Lifan1, Ma Xiaoxia1, Zhu Qiang2, Zhang Xu3, Liang Shiqi1, Cheng Liang1, Wang Lingxia1,2, Liang Wenyu1,2
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1.School of Life Sciences，Ningxia University，Yinchuan，Ningxia 750021，China;2.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources，Ningxia University，Yinchuan，Ningxia 750021，China;3.Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Longde County，Longde，Ningxia 756300，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to investigate the adaptability of Astragalus membranaceus in exsitu conservation，thereby providing a theoretical basis for its germplasm resource conservation and reintroduction.【Method】Using A.membranaceus as the research subject，multiple dimensions?including growth，physiology，stoichiometry，and medicinal components-were comprehensively compared between its wild distribution area in the Liupan Mountains and the ex-situ conservation site.【Result】The exsitu conserved A.membranaceus exhibited normal reproduction，and its germination rate showed no significant difference from that in the wild distribution area.Soil pH in both wild and ex-situ conservation areas was nearly neutral，with no significant difference in soil water content（SWC）. In the exsitu conservation area，soil total nitrogen（TN），total phosphorus（TP），alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen（HN） and available potassium（AK） contents were significantly lower than those in the wild distribution area，while soil organic carbon（SOC） content was significantly higher. Total potassium（TK） and available phosphorus（AP） contents showed no significant differences between the two areas.Leaf functional traits of A.membranaceus in the exsitu conservation area were superior to those in the wild distribution area.Except that leaf dry matter content showed no significant difference，leaf length，leaf width， leaf surface area，leaf length-to-width ratio and relative water content increased by 30.2%，17.4%，54.1%， 17.4%，and 11.9% compared to the wild distribution area. Exsitu conservation exerted significant effects on transpiration rate（Tr），intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci），and water use efficiency（WUE）.Compared to the wild distribution area，Ci and WUE in exsitu individuals decreased significantly by 47.0% and 40.3%，respectively，while Tr increased extremely significantly by 189.1%. During the green leaf period，leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents of ex-situ conserved A.membranaceus（20.0 and 18.4 mg/g） were lower than those in the wild distribution area（23.9 and 23.2 mg/g）.However，under these lower nutrient conditions，the ex-situ conserved A.membranaceus still maintained morphological development.The leaf N∶P ratios in wild and ex-situ conservation areas were 10.92 and 10.28，respectively，indicating that A.membranaceus was nitrogen-limited in both habitats.Potassium resorption efficiency（KRE） in ex-situ conserved A.membranaceus was extremely significantly higher than that in the wild distribution area，while nitrogen resorption efficiency（NRE） and phosphorus resorption efficiency（PRE） were significantly lower.The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and calycosin-7-glucoside in roots were 0.286% and 0.094%，respectively，both significantly higher than those in wild individuals（0.242% and 0.046%），and conformed to the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China（2025 edition）.No significant differences were observed in the categories of differential and non-differential metabolites or in key metabolic pathways in A.membranaceus roots between wild and ex-situ habitats. The differences only existed in the relative proportions of metabolite categories and the quantity of enriched metabolites within pathways.【Conclusion】The ex-situ conserved A.membranaceus adapted well to the ex-situ habitat in Guyuan，Ningxia，exhibiting good growth and superior medicinal quality than that in the wild distribution area. |
| Key words: Astragalus membranaceus ex-situ conservation adaptability ecological stoichiometric characteristics Liupan Mountains of Ningxia |
