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| 芝麻饼肥替代化肥对翠碧一号产质量及氮素利用率的影响 |
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崔译文1, 岳益福1, 王晓园2, 蔡民爵1, 邵兰军2, 王玉胜2, 战磊2, 高卫锴2, 陈建军1, 王媛媛1, 雷佳2
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1.华南农业大学 农学院，广东 广州 510642;2.广东中烟工业有限责任公司，广东 广州 510610
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确芝麻饼肥等量替代化肥对翠碧一号烟叶产质量与氮素利用率的调控效应，筛选兼顾经济 效益与生态效益的芝麻饼肥最优替代比例。【方法】在福建省龙岩市武平烟区，采用大田试验，设置5个芝麻饼肥施用 量处理，即CK，0 kg/hm2，芝麻饼肥替代率为0%；T1，900 kg/hm2，芝麻饼肥替代率为24.86%；T2，1 200 kg/hm2，芝麻饼肥替代率为33.14%；T3，1 500 kg/hm2，芝麻饼肥替代率为41.43%；T4，1 800 kg/hm2，芝麻饼肥替代率为49.71%。 测定各处理土壤养分、烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累量、氮素利用率、烤后烟叶常规化学成分及经济性状等指标。【结果】随着芝麻饼肥替代率的增加，土壤养分、烟株农艺性状、干物质积累量、氮素相关效率及氮素积累量、烟叶化学成分协调性及经济性状均呈先升后降的变化趋势。在芝麻饼肥替代率为24.86%-33.14%，即芝麻饼肥施用量为900-1 200 kg/hm2时，土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量较CK显著提高，其中T2处理在旺长期分别较CK提高38.68%和15.32%；烟株茎围、最大叶面积及全株干物质积累量显著增加，成熟期T2处理全株干物质积累量较CK提高19.81%。氮素相关效率、氮素积累量等指标在芝麻饼肥替代率为29%-31%，即芝麻饼肥施用量为1 050-1 122 kg/hm2时达到峰值， 其中氮素利用率最高为59.08%。芝麻饼肥替代化肥处理烟叶的化学成分得到改善，T2处理上部叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量分别较CK提高8.86%，12.54%和15.91%，糖碱比较CK提高15.80%。经济性状在芝麻饼肥替代率为29%-33%时最佳，产值、上等烟比例分别可达84 982.15 元/hm2和80.61%。过量替代的T3和T4处理则导致土壤养分下 降，烟株长势减弱，氮素相关效率及经济效益降低。【结论】芝麻饼肥替代率为29%-31%，即芝麻饼肥施用量为1 050-1 122 kg/hm2时，可有效改善武平烟区烟叶品质，提升烟叶产量，适宜在武平烟区推广。 |
| 关键词: 烤烟 翠碧一号 有机肥替代 芝麻饼肥 氮素利用率 产质量 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2027. 01. 010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目（2023440000340013）；福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司科技项目（2023350800240041，2022350824240020）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金省市联合基金项目（2024A1515011304） |
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| Effects of sesame cake fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizers on yield，quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Cuibi 1 |
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Cui Yiwen1, Yue Yifu1, Wang Xiaoyuan2, Cai Minjue1, Shao Lanjun2, Wang Yusheng2, Zhan Lei2, Gao Weikai2, Chen Jianjun1, Wang Yuanyuan1, Wang Yuanyuan2
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1.College of Agriculture，South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510642，China;2.China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co. Ltd. ，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510610，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to clarify the regulatory effects of replacing chemical fertilizers with an equal amount of sesame cake fertilizer on the yield，quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Cuibi 1 to-bacco leaves，thereby identifying the optimal substitution ratio of sesame cake fertilizer that balances both economic and ecological benefits.【Method】In Wuping tobacco area，Longyan city，Fujian Province，a field experiment was conducted with five treatments receiving different application rates of sesame cake fertilizer：CK（0 kg/hm2，0% substitution），T1（900 kg/hm2，24.86%），T2（1 200 kg/hm2，33.14%），T3（1 500 kg/hm2，41.43%） and T4（1 800 kg/hm2，49.71%）.Indicators including soil nutrients，agronomic traits of flue-cured to?bacco，dry matter accumulation，nitrogen utilization efficiency，and the conventional chemical components and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves were measured for each treatment.【Result】With an increasing substitution rate of sesame cake fertilizer，soil nutrients，agronomic traits of tobacco plants，dry matter accumulation，nitrogen-related efficiency and nitrogen accumulation，as well as chemical component coordination and economic traits of tobacco leaves，all exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Within the range of 24.86% to 33.14% of the substitution rate（sesame cake fertilizer application of 900 to 1 200 kg/hm2），soil available nitrogen and available potassium contents were significantly increased compared with CK. Among them，T2 treat?Meanwhile，stem diameter，maximum leaf area and total dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants significantly increased，with total dry matter accumulation under T2 treatment being 19. 81% higher than that of CK at the maturity period. Nitrogen-related efficiency and nitrogen accumulation peaked at a substitution rate of 29% to 31%（sesame cake fertilizer application of 1 050 to 1 122 kg/hm2），with the maximum nitrogen utilization efficiency being 59. 08%. Chemical components of tobacco leaves were improved，as total sugar，reducing sugar and potassium contents in upper leaves under T2 treatment were 8.86%，12.54% and 15.91% higher than those of CK，respectively，and sugar-alkali ratio increased by 15.80%. Economic traits were optimal within the substitution rate range of 29% to 33%（ sesame cake fertilizer application of 1 050 to 1 122 kg/hm2），with the output value and the proportion of top-grade tobacco reaching 84 982.15 yuan/hm2 and 80.61%，respectively.In contrast，excessive substitution in T3 and T4 treatments reduced soil nutrients，weakened plant growth，and lowered nitrogen-related efficiency and economic benefits.【Conclusion】The substitution rate of 29% to 31% for sesame cake fertilizer（application rate of 1 050 to 1 122 kg/hm2） can effectively improve the quality and yield of tobacco leaves in Wuping tobacco area，making it suitable for promotion in this area. |
| Key words: flue-cured tobacco Cuibi 1 organic fertilizer replacement sesame cake fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency yield and quality |
