| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明秸秆还田与氮肥协同作用下土壤和冬小麦的响应机制，为关中地区冬小麦优质高产栽培提供参考。【方法】以陕西关中平原典型冬小麦种植区为对象，设置了4个处理（CK.常规施肥+秸秆移除；T1.常规施肥+低量秸秆还田（秸秆还田量 6 000 kg/hm2）；T2.常规施肥+中量秸秆还田（秸秆还田量 9 000 kg/hm2）；T3.常规施肥+高量秸秆还田（秸秆还田量 12 000 kg/hm2）），测定了不同处理土壤碳氮状况以及冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、干物质积累量、产量及品质。采用TOPSIS熵权法对不同处理的效果进行综合评价；采用通径分析对影响冬小麦产量的主要因子进行筛选。【结果】与CK相比，T1、T2、T3处理明显提高了土壤有机碳、全氮和速效氮含量，其中T2、T3处理增幅较大。T1、T2、T3处理提高了冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量与净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度，降低了胞间CO2浓度；同时增强超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，降低丙二醛（MDA）含量，其中T2处理明显优于其他处理。T2处理小麦的干物质积累量、穗粒数、千粒质量及籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量均显著高于CK，产量提升31.14%。TOPSIS熵权法综合评价结果显示T2处理最优。通径分析结果表明，土壤速效氮含量为影响冬小麦产量的主导因子；秸秆还田通过提高土壤速效氮含量，从而增加冬小麦的干物质积累，对产量的提升贡献最显著。【结论】当秸秆还田量为9 000 kg/hm2时，其与常规施氮配合可实现土壤肥力提升与作物高产优质的协同效应。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆还田 冬小麦 产量与品质 通径分析 陕西关中地区 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 12. 014 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52339003） |
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| Regulatory mechanism of straw incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer application for the quality and yield of winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plains of Shaanxi |
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GUANG Zhaoyu1, LI Juncheng1, HUANG Wei1, ZHANG Qian1, TANG Zhishuang1, LIU Xuan1, XU Qi2, DU Wenda2, MA Changkun2
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1.China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Third Engineering Bureau Co. ，Ltd，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710024，China;2.State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710048，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aims to investigate the response mechanisms of soil and winter wheat under the synergistic effects of straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilization，to provide a reference for achieving high-quality and high-yield winter wheat production in the Guanzhong Plain.【Method】In a typical winter wheat-growing area of the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi，four treatments were established：CK，conventional fer‐tilization+straw removal；T1，conventional fertilization+low straw return rate（6 000 kg/hm2）；T2，conven‐tional fertilization+medium straw return rate（9 000 kg/hm2）；T3，Conventional fertilization+high straw return rate（12 000 kg/hm2）.Soil carbon and nitrogen status，leaf chlorophyll content，photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，dry matter accumulation，yield，and quality of winter wheat were measured under different treatments. The effectiveness of different treatments was comprehensively evaluated by using the TOPSIS entropy weight method，and the main factors affecting winter wheat yield were screened by using path analysis.【Result】Compared with CK，treatments T1，T2，and T3 significantly increased soil organic carbon，total nitrogen，and available nitrogen content，with greater increases observed under treatments T2 and T3. Treatments T1，T2，and T3 elevated chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，and stomatal conductance while reducing intercellular CO2 concentration. Treatment T1，T2 and T3 also enhanced superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），and catalase（CAT） activities while reducing malondialdehyde（MDA） content，with the greatest effect observed under T2 treatment. Dry matter accumulation，number of grains per spike，thousand-grain weight，grain protein content，and wet gluten content of wheat in T2 treatment were all significantly higher than those in CK，and the yield was increased by 31.14%. The comprehensive evaluation using the TOPSIS entropy weight method indicated that the T2 treatment was optimal. The results of the path analysis showed that soil available nitrogen content was the dominant factor affecting winter wheat yield. Straw incorporation increased soil available nitrogen content，thereby enhancing dry matter accumulation in winter wheat，which made most significant contribution to the yield increase.【Conclusion】At a straw return rate of 9 000 kg/hm2，the combination of straw incorporation with conventional nitrogen application resulted in a synergistic improvement in soil fertility as well as crop yield and quality. |
| Key words: straw incorporation winter wheat yield and quality path analysis Guanzhong Plains of Shaanxi |
