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| 干旱胁迫下小粒咖啡叶片生理和解剖结构特性及其抗旱性评价 |
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卢云峰1, 刘毅1, 吕维香1, 李梅1, 张杰1, 董云萍1,2, 李学俊1,2, 张凤英1
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1.云南农业大学 热带作物学院，云南 普洱 665099;2.云南省咖啡重点实验室，云南 普洱 665099
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析干旱胁迫下6个小粒咖啡品种叶片的生理特性、解剖结构及其与抗旱性的关系，为抗旱咖 啡品种选育奠定基础。【方法】以‘NY002’、‘132’、‘397’、‘036’、‘CC24’和‘360’ 6个咖啡品种6月龄幼苗为研究对 象，采用人工盆栽控水法，设置对照（保持土壤含水量为75%）和干旱胁迫处理（浇足水后土壤自然干旱），分别在干旱胁迫0，20，30，40，50 d采集叶样测定生理指标和观察解剖结构特征，利用主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对6个咖啡品种抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】 ①随着干旱胁迫时间的延长，各品种叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均呈 逐渐升高趋势，并在胁迫20 d后大幅度显著升高；②随着干旱胁迫时间延长，各品种叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化 物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均呈先上升后下降趋势，CAT和POD活性均在胁迫40 d达到峰值，而SOD活性则在胁迫20 d达到峰值；③叶片解剖结构指标在品种间均存在不同程度的差异，品种‘132’的叶片厚度、海 绵组织厚度和叶片疏松度最大，品种‘397’的上表皮厚度、上下角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度和栅海比最大，品种‘036’的 下表皮厚度和叶片紧密度最大；④各品种抗旱性综合度量值D为0.481-2.066，抗旱性可分为极强（‘397’（2.066）， ‘036’（2.043））、较强（‘132’（1.505））、中等（‘NY002’（0.993），‘CC24’（0.834））和最弱（‘360’（0.481））4类。【结论】咖啡抗旱性与其叶片生理特性及其解剖结构特征密切相关，其中与叶片上表皮厚度、过氧化氢酶活性、栅栏组织 厚度和上角质层厚度关系较密切，指标权重均大于0.170，并以‘397’的抗旱性最强‘，360’的抗旱性最弱。 |
| 关键词: 小粒咖啡 干旱胁迫 生理特性 叶片解剖结构 抗旱性评价 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 12. 008 |
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| 基金项目:国家级大学生创新训练计划项目（202410676035S）；云南省科技厅重点研发计划-云南省咖啡产业绿色发展国际联合研发中 心 项 目（202303AP140010）；云南省咖啡重点实验室项目（202449CE340030）；云南省大学生创新训练计划项目 （S202410676053，S202410676054）；云南农业大学热带作物学院教育教学改革项目（202508） |
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| Physiological and anatomical traits and drought resistance evaluation of Coffea arabica under drought stress |
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LU Yunfeng1, LIU Yi1, LÜ Weixiang1, LI Mei1, ZHANG Jie1, DONG Yunping1,2, LI Xuejun1,2, ZHANG Fengying1
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1.College of Tropical Crops，Yunnan Agricultural University，Puer，Yunnan 665099，China;2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Coffee，Puer，Yunnan 665099，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to investigate the physiological and anatomical traits of six coffee varieties（Coffea arabica） under drought stress and their relationship with drought resistance，so as to lay a foun-dation for screening drought-resistant coffee varieties.【Method】Six-month-old seedlings of six coffee varieties，namely‘ NY002’，‘132’，‘397’，‘036’，‘CC24’ and‘ 360’，were used as experimental materials. An artificial potted water control method was adopted，including a control group（soil moisture maintained at around 75%） and a drought stress group（natural drying after watering）.Leaf samples were collected at 0，20，30，40 and 50 days of drought stress to determine physiological indices and observe leaf anatomical structure characteristics. Principal component analysis，subordinate function analysis and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate drought resistance of the six coffee varieties.【Result】① With prolonged drought stress，relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content in the leaves of all varieties showed a gradual increasing trend，with a significant sharp rise after 20 days of stress. ② With prolonged drought stress，the activities of catalase （CAT），peroxidase（POD） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） in the leaves of each variety initially increased and then decreased. The activities of CAT and POD both reached the peak at 40 days of stress，while the SOD activity peaked at 20 days of stress. ③ Leaf anatomical structure indices varied among varieties to different extents. Variety‘ 132’ had the largest leaf thickness，spongy tissue thickness and spongy ratio. Variety‘ 397’ showed the highest upper epidermis thickness，upper and lower cuticle thickness，palisade tissue thickness and palisade-to-spongy ratio. Variety‘ 036’ exhibited the maximum lower epidermis thickness and cell tense ratio.④ The comprehensive drought resistance value D of each variety ranged from 0.481 to 2.066. Drought resistance was divided into four grades：extremely strong（Grade Ⅰ ，including varieties‘ 397’（2.066） and‘ 036’ （2.043）），strong（Grade Ⅱ ，including variety‘ 132’（ 1.505）），moderate（Grade Ⅲ ，including varieties ‘NY002’（0.993） and‘ CC24’（0.834）） and the weakest（Grade Ⅳ，including variety‘ 360’（0.481））.【Conclusion】Drought resistance of coffee is closely related to leaf physiological characteristics and anatomical structures，among which upper epidermis thickness，activities of catalase，palisade tissue thickness and upper cuticle thickness have a relatively close correlation，with their index weights all exceeding 0.170. Variety‘ 397’ showed the strongest drought resistance，while variety‘ 360’ was the weakest. |
| Key words: Coffea arabica drought stress physiological characteristics leaf anatomical structure drought resistance evaluation |
