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| 川南不同林龄马尾松人工林根际土壤线虫群落特征 |
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赵丁凭1,2, 叶平3, 刘光华4, 袁亚玲1,2, 王红鑫1,2, 黄玉梅5, 肖玖金1,2
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1.四川农业大学 林学院，四川 成都 611130;2.长江上游森林生态与保育四川省重点实验室，四川峨眉山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，四川 成都 611130;3.四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局 四川 阿坝 623006;4.四川省林业科学研究院，四川 成都 610081;5.四川农业大学 风景园林学院，四川 成都 611130
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】土壤线虫群落特征可以反映马尾松人工林土壤质量和生态环境的状况，研究不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤线虫特征有助于理解种植年限对土壤养分动态的影响，从而优化植被管理。【方法】利用空间代替时间的方法，分别选取川南 11，19，26，32年生4个林龄马尾松人工林根际土壤，分析4个林龄样地土壤线虫生物多样性和结构组成，探讨林龄对土壤线虫群落的影响以及土壤线虫与环境因子的关系。【结果】（ 1）本研究共分离得到土壤线虫8 351条，隶属于8目30科62属，其中威尔斯属在4个林龄中均为优势属。（2）11，19，26年林龄样地土壤受干扰程度低，食物网成熟，生态系统健康，32年林龄样地受干扰程度最高。香农?威纳多样性指数、丰富度指数以19年和26年林龄更高，优势度指数以32年林龄最低，均匀度指数随着林龄增加逐渐降低，营养多样性指数以32年林龄最高。自由生活线虫成熟度指数（MI）以11年林龄最大，植物寄生线虫成熟度指数（PPI）、PPI/MI随林龄增加而增大，在32年林龄达到最高。（3）植物寄生线虫在4个林龄马尾松人工林土壤线虫中占比均最高，各林龄土壤中食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫占比随着林龄的增加而减少，食细菌类线虫在4个林龄中都极少。（4）土壤线虫数量与土壤含水量、硝态氮含量、有机碳含量呈极显著正相关，与土壤铵态氮、全磷和全氮含量呈显著正相关，与土壤pH呈显著负相关；土壤线虫丰富度指数与土壤pH呈极显著负相关，与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关；土壤线虫丰富度指数与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关，与土壤pH呈极显著负相关。【 结论】马尾松人工林林龄对土壤线虫个体密度影响显著，表现为先增后减的趋势；土壤线虫的功能团和营养类群受林龄的影响，且与土壤含水量、pH值及硝态氮、铵态氮和有机碳含量等理化性质密切相关。长期种植单一树种会降低人工林的生态稳定性，进而影响土壤线虫的生长与分布。 |
| 关键词: 马尾松 人工林 土壤线虫 群落特征 生态系统 土壤健康 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 11. 006 |
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| 基金项目:四川省自然科学基金面上项目（2022NSFSC0084）；四川省科技计划项目（2019YJ0427）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（31400457） |
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| Characteristics of nematode communities in the rhizosphere soil of artificial Pinus massoniana stands of different ages in southern Sichuan |
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ZHAO Dingping1,2, YE Ping3, LIU Guanghua4, YUAN Yaling1,2, WANG Hongxin1,2, HUANG Yumei5, XIAO Jiujin1,2
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1.College of Forestry，Sichuan Agricultural University，Chengdu，Sichuan 611130，China;2.Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River of Sichuan Province，Sichuan Mt. Emei Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station，Chengdu，Sichuan 611130，China;3.Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration，Aba，Sichuan 623006，China;4.Sichuan Academy of Forestry，Chengdu，Sichuan 610081，China;5.College of Landscape Architecture，Sichuan Agricultural University，Chengdu，Sichuan 611130，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The community characteristics of soil nematodes in forests of different ages can reflect the changes in soil quality and ecological environment associated with the plantation age. This research aims to elucidate the effect of plantation age on soil nutrient dynamics by studying the soil nematode characteris-tics of Pinus massoniana plantation at different ages，thereby facilitating optimized vegetation management.【Method】Using the method of replacing time with space，rhizosphere soil samples were collected from four Pinus massoniana plantations at the age of 11，19，26，and 32 years in southern Sichuan. The biodiversity and structural composition of soil nematodes in these four plots were analyzed，and the effects of plantation age on soil nematode communities and the relationships between soil nematodes and environmental factors were explored.【Result】（ 1） A total of 8，351 soil nematodes were isolated in this study，belonging to 8 orders，30 families，and 62 genera，with the genus Wilsonema being the dominant in the plantations of all four ages.（2） The soil in the 11-，19-，and 26-year-old sample plots experienced low levels of disturbance，with mature food webs and healthy ecosystems，whereas the 32-year-old sample plot experienced the highest level of disturbance. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and generic richness index of the soil in the 19- and 26-year-old plantation were higher，with the lowest Simpson index observed in the 32-year-old plantation. The evenness index gradually decreased with increasing plantation age，and trophic diversity index was the highest in the 32-year-old plantation.Maturity index（MI） was the highest in the 11-year-old plantation，whereas plant-parasitic index（PPI） and PPI/MI increased with increasing plantation age，with the highest values observed in the 32-year-old plantations.（3） Plant parasitic nematodes accounted for the highest proportion of soil nematodes in all the Pinus massoniana plantations of different ages，while the proportions of bacterivorous and fungivores nematodes in the soil decreased with increasing plantation age.Bacterivorous nematodes were very rare in all the plantations of different ages.（4） Soil nematode abundance showed an extremely significant positive correlation with soil water content，NO3--N content，and total organic carbon content，a significant positive correlation with ammonium NH4+-N content，total phosphorus content，and total nitrogen content，and a significant negative correlation with soil pH. Soil nematode generic indices showed an extremely significant negative correlation with soil pH and a significant posi-tive correlation with total organic carbon content. The soil nematode generic index showed a significant positive correlation with soil total organic carbon content and an extremely significant negative correlation with soil pH.【Conclusion】Pinus massoniana plantation age significantly influences soil nematode abundance，exhibiting a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Functional groups and trophic levels of soil nematodes are affected by plantation age and closely associated with soil physicochemical properties（including soil water content，pH，NO3--N content，NH4+-N content，and total nitrogen content）.Long-term monoculture planting reduces the ecological stability of the plantation，thereby impacting the growth and distribution of soil nematodes. |
| Key words: Pinus massoniana plantations soil nematodes community characteristics ecosystem soil health |
