| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】以甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和石油醚等5种不同极性溶剂对砂生槐不同部位进行浸提，分析 其不同部位不同溶剂提取物的杀虫活性及生物碱含量，筛选砂生槐不同部位杀虫活性成分提取的适宜溶剂。【 方法】分别以甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜和小菜蛾3龄幼虫为靶标，采用微量点滴法测定甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和石油醚等5种不同 极性溶剂砂生槐不同部位提取物对其的触杀活性。并采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析砂生槐不同部位甲醇提取物 中生物碱（氧化槐果碱、苦参碱、槐果碱、槐定碱））的含量。【 结果】杀虫活性测定结果表明，砂生槐根部乙醇提取物对 萝卜蚜的触杀作用最强，处理48 h校正死亡率为80.59%；砂生槐种子甲醇提取物对甘蓝蚜的触杀活性最好，处理48 h校正死亡率达到83.83%；砂生槐种子和叶片甲醇提取物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫具有较高的触杀活性，处理48 h校正死亡 率均为73.96%。HPLC分析结果表明，砂生槐种子、叶片、茎和根均检测到氧化槐果碱、苦参碱和槐果碱，均未检测到 槐定碱。砂生槐不同部位生物碱总含量从大到小依次为种子>叶片>茎>根，砂生槐种子中生物碱总含量显著高于 其他部位；砂生槐不同部位中生物碱含量均为氧化槐果碱>苦参碱>槐果碱，其中氧化槐果碱占生物碱总含量的90%以上。甲醇提取物中生物碱总含量高的部位杀虫活性显著高于生物碱总含量低的部位，生物碱总含量越高的部位杀 虫效果越好。【 结论】甲醇和乙醇可作为提取砂生槐杀虫活性成分的优选溶剂，砂生槐不同部位均含有氧化槐果碱、 苦参碱和槐果碱，且氧化槐果碱含量显著高于苦参碱和槐果碱，占生物碱总含量的90%以上。砂生槐种子和叶片中的生物碱总含量高于茎和根。 |
| 关键词: 砂生槐 粗提物 杀虫活性 生物碱 高效液相色谱法 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 07. 016 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西藏自治区科技计划重点研发及转化项目（XZ202301ZY0019N）；2023 年西藏农牧学院研创项目（YJS2024-07）；西藏农牧学 院林学博士点（一期）资助项目（533325001）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2201100）；2025 年中央财政支持地方高校发 展改革专项（YJSXK2025-05，YJSXK2025-15） |
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| Analysis of the insecticidal activity and alkaloid content of different solvent extracts of sand⁃growing Sophora moorcroftiana |
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XIE Caixia1,2, FANG Liao1,2, GUO Guanghui1,2, ZANG Jiancheng1,2
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1.College of Plant Science，Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University，Linzhi，Xizang 860000，China;2.Lab of Resource and Applied Insect in the Xizang Plateau，Linzhi，Xizang 860000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The methanol，ethanol，ethyl acetate，acetone and petroleum ether were used to ex?tract different parts of Sophora moorcroftiana to analyze the insecticidal activity and the content of alkaloids in different solvent extracts of different parts，and to select the appropriate solvent for the extraction of insecticidal active ingredients in different parts of Sophora moorcroftiana.【Method】With Brevicoryne brassiace，Lipaphis erysimi，and the 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella target insects，micro-dropping method was used to deter? mine the contact killing activity of extracts from different parts of Sophora moorcroftiana obtained by 5 different polar solvents（methanol，ethanol，ethyl acetate，acetone and petroleum ether）. And the content of alkaloids （oxymatric，matricine，saponin，cytisine） in the methanol extract of different parts of Sophora moorcroftiana was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromography（ HPLC）.【Result】Results of insecticidal activity determination showed that the ethanol extract of Sophora moorcroftiana roots had the best contact killing activity against radish aphid，and the corrected mortality after 48 h of treatment reached 80. 59%. The methanol extract of Sophora moorftiana seeds had the best contact killing activity against cabbage aphid，and the corrected mortality after 48 h of treatment reached 83. 83%. The methanol extracts of Sophora moorcroftiana seeds and leaves had relatively high contact killing activity against the 3rd instar larvae of diamondback moth，and the mortality after 48 h of treatment was 73.96%. HPLC analysis showed that oxidized saponin，matricine and saponin were detected in Sophora moorcroftiana seeds，leaves，stems and roots，and cytisine was not detected. The total contents of alkaloids in different parts of Soph moorcroftiana were ranked as：seeds>leaves>stems>roots，and the total content of alkaloids in Sophora moorcroftiana seeds was significantly higher than those in other parts. The contents of alkaloids in different parts of Sophora moorcroftiana were ranked as：oxymatricine>matricine>saponin，and oxymricine accounted for more than 90% of the total alkaloids. The parts with higher total alkaloid content in the methanol extracts exhibited significantly stronger insecticidal activity than those with lower alkaloid content. The higher the total content of alkaloids，the better the insecticidal effect.【Conclusion】Manol and ethanol can be used as the preferred solvents for the extraction of insecticidal active ingredients of Sophora moorcroftiana. Different parts of Sophora moorftiana all contain oxymatricine，matricine and saponin，and the content of oxymatricine is significantly higher than that of matricine and saponin，accounting for more than 90% of the total alkaloids. The total content of alkaloids in the seeds and leaves of Sophora moorcroftiana is higher than that in the stems and roots. |
| Key words: Sophora moorcroftiana crude extract insecticidal activity alkaloid high-performance liquid chromatography |
