| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究黄河青海流域水体和底泥微生物多样性、群落结构及其对环境因子的响应，为该流域生 态保护和治理提供参考。【 方法】从黄河青海流域6个不同海拔高度地区采集水体和底泥样本36份，基于Illumina MiSeq测序及生物信息学分析技术，从物种注释、群落多样性和组成分析及环境因子的角度探究微生物的多样性。 【结果】从采集的36份水体和底泥样本中注释得到真菌18门181目1 010属，细菌56门454目1 588属。α和β多样性 分析结果表明，真菌和细菌的Chao1指数、Shannon指数在不同海拔地区存在显著差异（P<0.05），且细菌多样性显著 高于真菌；海拔对水体细菌的影响较大，海拔越高，细菌多样性和物种组成相似度越高，且样本组间存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。黄河青海流域水体和底泥微生物中，最优势真菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota），最优势细菌门为变形菌门 （Proteobacteria）；最优势真菌属为枝孢霉属（Cladosporium），最优势细菌属为蓝细菌属（Cyanobium_PCC-6307）。水 体中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度随着海拔的升高而增加，但枝孢霉属和链格孢属（Alternaria）的相对丰度随着 海拔的升高逐渐下降。CCA/RDA 分析结果表明，全磷（TP）、速效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）含量和海拔对黄河青海流域 水体和底泥微生物群落多样性有极显著影响（P<0.01），为主要环境因子。【 结论】在不同海拔地区，黄河青海流域水 体及底泥中细菌的丰富度和多样性均高于真菌，其水体和底泥微生物群落的多样性受海拔和多种环境因子的影响，其 中海拔对细菌多样性的影响更为显著，多因素综合作用决定了微生物群落的结构和功能。 |
| 关键词: 黄河青海流域 微生物多样性 Illumina MiSeq测序 环境因子 黄河生态治理 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 06. 011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:青海省重大科技专项（2023-NK-A3） |
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| Microbial diversity in waters and sediments and its response to environmental factors in the Qinghai Basin of Yellow River |
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YANG Runyan, SHI Guomin, TAO Huiyun, LI Yancan, LIU Yapeng, QI Hexing
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College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry，Qinghai University，Xining，Qinghai 810016，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to explore the microbial diversity，community structure of waters and sediments in the Qinghai Basin of the Yellow River and their responses to environmental factors，to provide references for ecological protection and governance in this basin.【Method】A total of 36 water and sedi?ment samples were collected from six sites at different altitudes in Qinghai Basin of the Yellow River. Based on Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bioinformatics analysis，microbial diversity was explored from the perspectives of species annotation，community diversity，community composition analysis and environmental factors.【Result】 In the 36 collected water and sediment samples，fungi of 18 phyla，181 orders and 1 010 genera and bacteria of 56 phyla，454 orders and 1 588 genera were annotated. The results of α and β diversity analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the Chao1 index and Shannon index of fungi and bacteria at different alti?
tudes（P<0.05），and the diversity of bacteria was significantly higher than that of fungi. Altitude showed a significant impact on bacteria in waters. With increasing altitude，the bacterial diversity and species composition similarity increased，and extremely significant differences were observed among sample groups （P<0.01）.Among the microorganisms in the water and sediment in the Qinghai Basin of Yellow River，the most dominant phyla of fungi and bacteria were Ascomycota and Proteobacteria，respectively. The most dominant genera of fungi and bacteria were Cladosporium and Cyanobium_PCC-6307，respectively. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in waters increased with the increase of altitude，while the relative abundance of Alternaria and Trichoderma gradually decreased with the increase of altitude. The results of CCA/RDA analysis indicated that the contents of total phosphorus（ TP），available phosphorus（ AP），available potassium（ AK），and altitude had extremely significant effects on the diversity of microbial communities in the water and sediment in the Qinghai Basin of Yellow River（P<0.01），making them the primary environmental factors.【Conclusion】At regions of different altitudes，the richness and diversity of bacteria in the water and sediment in the Qinghai Basin of Yellow River are higher than those of fungi. The diversity of the microbial communities in the water and sediment is affected by altitude and various environmental factors，among which altitude has a more significant impact on bacterial diversity. The combined effect of these factors determines the structure and function of the microbial communities. |
| Key words: Qinghai Basin of Yellow River microbial diversity Illumina MiSeq sequencing environmental factor ecological governance of Yellow River |
