| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究航天诱变对山杏实生苗生长发育的影响，为山杏育种提供基础材料。【方法】以“神舟十二号”飞船搭载的5个不同种源丰产型山杏优良无性系（1，28，207，453和507）种子培育的实生苗为材料，于2022年5月初（出苗后15 d）－9月底（出苗后150 d）进行试验，出苗后15 d统计出苗率，之后每隔15 d逐株观察测量其生长性状（苗高、地径、叶片长度、叶片宽度），并于7月中旬采集成熟叶片测定生理指标（叶绿素a、b及总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量）与光合指标（净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）），观察叶片解剖结构的变化，分析航天诱变对山杏实生苗生长、光合生理和叶片解剖结构的影响。【结果】经航天诱变后，507号山杏实生苗的苗高、叶长、叶宽在30 d前显著高于对照，45 d后优势减弱，而207号山杏实生苗的苗高、地径、叶长、叶宽在150 d时显著高于对照4.62%~44.33%。航天诱变提高了山杏的光合能力，经航天诱变的各山杏优良无性系的叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率均有不同程度的提高，且叶绿素b含量与净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度呈显著或极显著正相关。与对照相比，航天诱变后507号叶片细胞皱缩、结构模糊、分布混乱，各组织厚度变薄；而207号叶片细胞饱满且排列整齐，胞间隙较小。航天诱变后1号和28号山杏的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、细胞结构紧密度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度值均极显著高于对照，增幅达9.47%~41.29%，而海绵组织厚度、细胞结构疏松度却低于对照，降幅为5.96%~50.04%。【结论】航天诱变后山杏生长、生理及叶片解剖结构发生变化，各系号间、不同指标间变化存在差异，表明航天诱变是山杏及经济林种质改良与创新的重要途径。 |
| 关键词: 山杏 航天诱变 生长动态 生理指标 解剖结构 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.01.007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家林业和草原局辽宁山杏种质资源保存与育种国家长期科研基地运行补助项目（2020132519） |
|
| Effect of spaceflight mutagenesis on growth,physiology and anatomical structure of Armeniaca sibirica |
|
KANG Ying1, ZHANG Yuncheng2, LI Biao1, WANG Yijin1, YU Qingfu2, CHEN Jianhua1, DONG Shengjun1
|
|
1.College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161,China;2.Liaoning Kazuo County Forestry Seedling Management Station,Chaoyang,Liaoning 122000,China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the effect of spaceflight mutagenesis on the growth and development of Armeniaca sibirica seedlings,to provide theoretical basic for A.sibirica breeding.【Method】This study used the seedlings of five excellent asexual lines (1,28,207,453,and 507) from five different seed sources of productive A.sibirica carried by Shenzhou Ⅻ spacecraft as materials,and conducted the experiment from the beginning of May (15 days after seedling emergence) to the end of September (150 days after seedling emergence) in 2022.The seedling emergence rate was determined 15 days after seedling emergence,after which the growth traits (plant height,ground diameter,leaf length,leaf width) were measured for each seedling with an interval of 15 days.The mature leaves were collected in mid-July to determine physiological indexes (chlorophyll a,b,total chlorophyll and carotenoids content) and photosynthetic indexes (net photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 (Ci)),and to observe the leaf anatomical structure change,in order to analyze the effects of spaceflight mutagenesis on the growth,photosynthetic physiology and leaf anatomical structure of A.sibirica seedlings.【Result】The plant height,diameter,leaf length and width of No.207 seedlings were significantly higher than those of the control by 4.62%-44.33% at 150 d.Spaceflight mutagenesis improved the photosynthetic capacity of A.sibirica,and the photosynthetic pigment content,net photosynthetic rate,and transpiration rate of the leaves of A.sibirica seedlings of various lines were improved by different degrees after spaceflight mutagenesis.Compared with the control,the leaf cells of No.507 seedling were wrinkled,showing fuzzy structure,chaotic distribution,and the thickness of each tissue was decreased after spaceflight mutagenesis.But the leaf cells of No.207 seedling were plump and neatly arranged,with relatively small cell gap.The leaf thickness,the fence tissue thickness, the cellular structure tightness and the fence tissue thickness/the spongy tissue thickness of No.1 and No.28 seedlings were all significantly higher than those of the control by 9.47%-41.29%.【Conclusion】Changes in growth,physiology and leaf anatomical structure of A.sibirica after spaceflight mutagenesis,which varied among lines and in different indexes,indicate that spaceflight mutagenesis is an important way to improve and innovate germplasm of A.sibirica and economic forests. |
| Key words: Armeniaca sibirica spaceflight mutagenesis growth dynamics physiological indicators anatomical structure |
