| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同整形方式对黑皇葡萄品种生长及果实品质的影响，筛选其引种到宁夏种植的适宜整形方式，为黑皇葡萄在宁夏日光温室种植提供理论依据。【方法】以引进黑皇葡萄品种2年生幼苗为试验材料，在日光温室中分别采用棚架T形、篱架T形和篱架H形3种整形方式进行种植，记录不同整形方式种植黑皇葡萄的物候期；采用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定不同处理黑皇葡萄叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）4个光合作用参数；于葡萄采收期每处理随机采摘10穗果穗，测定单果粒质量、单穗质量以及果实可溶性固形物含量等指标；利用分光测色仪（NS810）测定亮度（L*）、a*、b*、着色（C*）和h等果皮色泽参数；利用TA-XTplusC 质构分析仪获取果实硬度、弹性等果肉质地参数。【结果】棚架T形、篱架T形和篱架H形3种整形方式下栽植的黑皇葡萄生长周期分别为146，153和155 d；在浆果转色期和生理成熟期，篱架T形整形方式栽植的黑皇葡萄气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均高于其他整形方式；在黑皇葡萄浆果发育的4个时期，3种不同整形方式栽培的葡萄根颈周长差异显著（P＜0.05），其中棚架T形栽培处理葡萄根颈周长显著高于其他整形方式。棚架T形整形方式下，黑皇葡萄的萌芽率和单枝平均穗数均高于其他整形方式，分别为98.07％和1.78个；3种不同整形方式下，葡萄果实的pH均为4.1，总酸含量无显著差异。3种整形方式对葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量有显著影响（P＜0.05），其中篱架T形栽培的葡萄可溶性固形物含量高达22.2％，显著高于其他整形方式。篱架T形栽培处理葡萄果实果皮的亮度（L*）及着色（C*）明显优于其他整形方式；棚架T形和篱架T形处理葡萄的硬度显著高于篱架H形，但篱架H形处理葡萄的黏着性显著高于其他整形方式； 棚架T形处理下葡萄的胶着性、咀嚼性和回复性均最高，显著高于其他整形方式（P<0.05）；3种整形方式栽培下葡萄的脆度和弹性无显著性差异（P>0.05）。【结论】鲜食葡萄品种黑皇可以在宁夏葡萄产区进行引种并示范推广，日光温室栽培适宜的整形方式为篱架T形。 |
| 关键词: 黑皇葡萄 整形方式 果实品质 葡萄栽培 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.09.011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目（2021BBF03005）；宁夏科技人才领军项目（2022GKLRLX07） |
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| Effects of different training systems on the growth and fruit quality of Heihuang grape |
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HOU Lijun1, ZHANG Xiaorong2, ZHU Juanjuan3, ZHAO Haohao1, MA Haijun1,4
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1.College of Biological Science and Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;2.College of Food Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;3.College of Biological Science and Engineering,Innovation Team for Genetic Improvement of Economic Forests,North Minzu University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;4.Ningxia Grape and Wine Innovation Center,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to explore the effects of different training systems on the growth and fruit quality of Heihuang grape varieties,and to screen suitable training systems for their introduction and planting in Ningxia,to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of Heihuang grape in solar greenhouses in Ningxia.【Method】The two-year seedlings of Heihuang grape variety was introduced as experimental material,and the three training systems of treillage T shaped pergola,hedgerow T shaped and hedgerow H shaped were used for their planting in the solar greenhouse.The phenological period of Heihuang grape under different training systems was recorded.The net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductivity (Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of grape leaves under different treatments were measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus.In the harvest period,10 panicles were randomly picked in each treatment,and the quality of single grain,mass of single panicle and soluble solid were measured.Peel color parameters such as L*,a*,b*,C* and h were determined by a spectrophotometer (NS810).Fruit texture parameters such as hardness and elasticity were obtained by TA XTplusC texture analyzer.【Result】The growth cycle of Heihuang grape planted under the three training systems of treillage T shaped pergola,hedgerow T shaped and hedgerow H shaped from germination to ripening was 146,153 and 155 d,respectively.In berry turning stage and berry ripening stage,Gs,Ci and Tr of Heihuang grape were higher in T shaping treatment than those of the other two training systems.In the four stages of berry development of Heihuang grape,the root neck circumference of the grapes cultivated by three different training systems was significantly different (P<0.05),and the root neck circumference of the T shaped pergola trellis was significantly higher than those of the other two training systems at each stage.The germination rate of Heihuang grape was 98.07% and its average spike number was 1.78 under the T shaping of trellises.Under the three training systems,the pH of grape fruit was 4.1,and the average total acid had no significant difference of Heihuang grape.The three training systems had significant effects on the soluble solid content of this variety (P<0.05),and the soluble solid content of grape fruit under hedgerow T shaped cultivation was 22.2%,significantly higher than those of the other two training systems.The brightness (L*) and coloration (C*) of the fruit peel of hedgerow T shaped cultivation were better than those of the other two training systems.The grape hardness of the T shape of trellis and T shape of hedgerow were significantly higher than the H shaped of hedgerow,but the adhesion of the H shaped of hedgerow was significantly higher than the other two.The trellis T shaped showed the highest adhesion,mastication and recovery,and was significantly higher than the other two training systems (P<0.05).No significant difference was observed between the three training systems in terms of brittleness and elasticity (P>0.05).【Conclusion】The table grape variety Heihuang can be introduced and demonstrated in Ningxia grape producing area,and the suitable shaping method for solar greenhouse cultivation is hedgerow T shaped cultivation. |
| Key words: Heihuang grape training systems fruit quality grape cultivation |
