| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同砧穗组合对杏、杏李果实成熟期及果实和种仁大小与品质的影响，探讨中间砧在杏生产应用中的可行性，为专用砧木的选育及应用推广提供理论依据。【方法】根据试验材料的品种特性，使用杏李‘风味玫瑰’、仁用杏‘中仁5号’和山杏‘PT56’等7个品种作为中间砧，以杏李‘恐龙蛋’和‘味厚’、新疆杏‘轮台9号’、仁用杏‘龙王帽’等9个主栽品种为接穗，设计12个砧穗组合（接穗/中间砧），即‘矮化山杏/风味玫瑰’、‘轮台9号/金太阳’、‘青宏杏/金太阳’、‘树上干/金太阳’、‘中仁5号/矮化山杏’、‘恐龙蛋/ZS001’、‘味厚/ZS001’、‘矮化山杏/中仁5号’、‘龙王帽/PT56’、‘优一/PT56’、‘龙王帽/PT3’和‘优一/PT3’，上述组合中除‘矮化山杏/风味玫瑰’的基砧是李，其余组合的基砧均为山杏‘PT47’，对照为李上嫁接的2个接穗杏李品种和山杏‘PT47’上嫁接的7个接穗杏品种。对各嫁接组合及对照的杏果实成熟期进行调查，对其单果质量、果肉厚、可食率、单仁质量、种仁含油率以及果肉的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量进行测算，比较各嫁接组合上述性状与对照的差异，以评价中间砧对接穗的影响。【结果】与对照相比，中间砧‘风味玫瑰’和‘中仁5号’能使接穗杏品种果实推迟4～6 d成熟，但中间砧‘ZS001’、‘PT56’和‘PT3’能使接穗杏品种果实提早4～7 d成熟；中间砧‘风味玫瑰’和‘中仁5号’能提高接穗杏品种的单果质量、果肉厚、可食率、单仁质量和种仁含油率；中间砧‘PT56’和‘PT3’能显著提高接穗杏品种果肉中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量。【结论】‘风味玫瑰’和‘中仁5号’作为中间砧的主要优势在于促进接穗杏品种果实和种仁的生长、提高种仁含油率，可用于仁用杏嫁接；而‘PT56’和‘PT3’的优势则主要在于使接穗杏品种果实提早成熟、改善果肉品质，可考虑应用于鲜食杏。在实际应用中，可以根据具体的杏树品种和生长环境选择合适的砧穗组合，以达到最佳的生长和发育效果。 |
| 关键词: 杏 砧穗组合 成熟期 果实品质 杏仁含油率 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.09.010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项（2021ZD0041） |
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| Effects of different rootstock-scion combinations on fruit size and quality of apricot |
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WU Jinqiu1,2, BAI Haikun1, WANG Chu1, YIN Mingyu1, HUANG Mengzhen1, ZHANG Yujing1, WUYUN Tana1
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1.Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry,Key Laboratory of Non-timber Forestry Germplasm Enhancement & Utilization of State Forestry Administration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China;2.College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study investigated the impact of different rootstock-scion combinations on fruit maturity,as well as fruit and kernel size and quality of apricots and Prunus domestica×armeniaca varieties and discussed the potential for interstock application in apricot production,to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and utilization of specialized rootstocks.【Method】Based on the characteristics of the test materials,7 varieties including P. domestica×armeniaca ‘FWMG’,kernel-used apricot ‘ZR 5’ and Prunus sibirica ‘PT56’ were used as interstocks,and 9 main cultivars including P.domestica×armeniaca ‘KLD’ and ‘WH’,Xinjiang apricot ‘LT-9’ and kernel-used apricot ‘LWM’ were used as scions.Twelve rootstock-scion combinations (scion/interstock) were designed,namely ‘AHSX/FWMG’,‘LT-9/JTY’,‘QHX/JTY’,‘SSG/JTY’,‘ZR-5/AHSX’,‘KLD/ZS001’,‘WH/ZS001’,‘AHSX/ZR-5’,‘LWM/PT56’,‘YY/PT56’,‘LWM/PT3’ and ‘YY/PT3’.In the above combinations,the rootstocks of all the combinations were ‘PT47’ except ‘AHSX/FWMG’,whose rootstock was Prunus.2 scion P.domestica×armeniaca varieties grafted on Prunus and 7 scion apricot varieties grafted on Prunus sibirica ‘PT47’ were set as the control.The study investigated the maturity period of apricot fruits in different grafting combinations and control groups.Various parameters including single fruit weight,flesh thickness,edible rate,single kernel weight,kernel oil content were determined,the soluble solids,soluble sugar,and titratable acid content of pulp were measured and calculated.The differences in these traits between the grafting combinations and the control were compared to evaluate the effect of the interstock on the scion.【Result】Compared to the control,the interstocks ‘FWMG’ and ‘ZR-5’ were found to delay the fruit ripening of scion apricot varieties by 4 to 6 days.Conversely,the interstocks ‘ZS001’,‘PT56’,and ‘PT3’ were observed to accelerate the fruit ripening of scion apricot varieties by 4 to 7 days.Furthermore,it was noted that the interstocks ‘FWMG’ and ‘ZR-5’ could enhance the single fruit weight,pulp thickness,edible rate,single kernel weight and kernel oil content of scion apricot varieties.Additionally,the interstocks ‘PT56’ and ‘PT3’ showed potential to significantly enhance the contents of soluble solids,soluble sugars,and titratable acids in the pulp of scion apricot varieties.【Conclusion】The primary advantages of ‘FWMG’ and ‘ZR-5’ as interstocks lie in their ability to enhance the growth of both fruit and kernels in scion apricot varieties,and to increase the oil content of the kernels,making them suitable for kernel apricot grafting.In contrast,the benefits of ‘PT56’ and ‘PT3’ primarily include promoting earlier maturation of scion apricot fruits and improving pulp quality,which renders them favorable for fresh apricot production.In practical applications,it is essential to select appropriate rootstock-scion combinations based on specific apricot varieties and their respective growth environments to achieve optimal growth and development outcomes. |
| Key words: apricot scion-rootstock combination maturity period fruit quality kernal oil content |
