| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究自制分子筛复合凝胶对烟草根际土壤理化特性及烤后烟叶产量和品质的影响，探究提高峡江烟区烟叶品质的土壤改良措施。【方法】以云烟87为材料，设置22.5 kg/hm2自制空白凝胶、45 kg/hm2商用农林抗旱保水剂1、45 kg/hm2商用农林保水剂2、22.5 kg/hm2分子筛和45 kg/hm2自制分子筛复合凝胶5个处理，以不施用保水剂为对照，研究施加商用保水剂、自制分子筛复合凝胶对烟草根际土壤理化特性及烤后烟产质量的影响。【结果】施加自制分子筛复合凝胶后，在取样期内土壤含水率、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量较对照均显著提高(P＜0.05)，增幅分别为16.26%～41.22%，14.16%～26.55%，13.04%～27.03%和16.97%～30.23%；土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均最高，且与对照差异达到显著水平。烤后烟叶厚度、叶质重、拉力、平衡含水率、填充值、单叶质量较对照分别显著提高12.50%，6.07%，24.51%，10.75%，30.38%和40.41%，而含梗率降低2.46%；烤烟总氮、钾、氮碱比、钾氯比较对照分别显著提高26.53%，17.62%，14.86%和59.45%，氯含量显著降低25.68%；苯丙氨酸类降解产物、新植二烯、中性致香物质总量较对照分别提高 35.51%，36.21%和31.97%，烤烟化学成分更为适宜协调，感官质量评价总分最高。产量、产值、上等烟比例、均价较对照分别增加8.73%，14.08%，31.03%和5.19%。【结论】施加自制分子筛复合凝胶可有效改良植烟土壤，改善烟叶品质，提高烟叶产量。 |
| 关键词: 保水剂 烤烟品质 分子筛复合凝胶 土壤理化特性 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:江西省烟草公司吉安市公司项目（吉烟科［2019］4号）；国家级大学生创新创业项目（202010466038）；国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200808) |
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| Effects of molecular sieve composite gel on tobacco planting soil physicochemical properties,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco |
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LI Hongxia,WANG Haiyang,XIA Hao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effect of self-made molecular sieve composite gel on the physicochemical properties of tobacco rhizosphere soil and the quality of tobacco leaves after curing to explore soil improvement measures for enhancing the quality of tobacco leaves in Xiajiang.【Method】Yunyan 87 was selected for treatments of 22.5 kg/hm2 self-made blank gel, 45 kg/hm2 commercial water-retaining agent 1,45 kg/hm2 commercial water-retaining agent 2, 22.5 kg/hm2 molecular sieve and 45 kg/hm2 self-made molecular sieve,with no water-retaining agent as the control.The effects of commercial water-retaining agent and self-made molecular sieve composite gel on physicochemical properties of tobacco rhizosphere soil and quality of cured tobacco were then analyzed.【Result】After applying the self-made molecular sieve composite gel,contents of soil moisture, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the control,and the increase rates were 16.26%-41.22%,14.16%-26.55%,13.04%-27.03% and 16.97%-30.23%,respectively.Soil invertase and urease activities were the highest,with significant difference from the control.Compared with the control,the physical indicators of thickness,leaf weight,tensile force,equilibrium moisture content,filling value,and single leaf weight of cured tobacco leaves were significantly increased by 12.50%,6.07%,24.51%,10.75%,30.38%,and 40.41%,while the stalk rate was decreased by 2.46%.Compared with the control,the total nitrogen,potassium,nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chloride of flue-cured tobacco were significantly increased by 26.53%,17.62%,14.86% and 59.45%,while the chlorine content was significantly decreased by 25.68%.Compared with the control,the total amounts of phenylalanine degradation products,neophytadiene and neutral aroma substances were increased by 35.51%,36.21% and 31.97%,respectively,which made the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco more suitable and coordinated and achieved the highest score of sensory quality.Compared with the control,the yield,output value,proportion of high-quality tobacco and average price were increased by 8.73%,14.08%,31.03% and 5.19%,respectively.【Conclusion】The application of self-made molecular sieve composite gel effectively improved tobacco planting soil,enhanced quality of tobacco leaves,and increased yield of tobacco leaves. |
| Key words: water retention agent quality of flue-cured tobacco molecular sieve composite gel soil physicochemical properties |
