| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究2种钾肥配施方法对马铃薯块茎内氮、磷、钾积累量及马铃薯产量和品质的影响，为合理施用氯化钾以达到增产优质的目标提供参考。【方法】以延薯4号马铃薯为供试材料，共设定4个施肥处理：基肥1/2硫酸钾+追肥1/2硫酸钾（K1）、基肥1/2硫酸钾+追肥1/2氯化钾（K2）、基肥1/2氯化钾+追肥1/2硫酸钾（K3）、 基肥1/4硫酸钾-1/4氯化钾+追肥1/4硫酸钾-1/4氯化钾（K4），测定不同施肥处理马铃薯块茎的氮、磷、钾积累量和产量以及相关品质指标（淀粉、可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白与硝酸盐含量），在此基础上采用主成分分析法评价不同施肥处理对马铃薯产量和品质的综合影响。【结果】与单施硫酸钾处理（K1）相比，氯化钾与硫酸钾配施均提高了马铃薯块茎内氮、磷、钾的积累量。4个处理中，K4处理马铃薯产量最高，为49 031 kg/hm2，显著高于其他处理。与K1处理相比，K2、K4处理马铃薯块茎的淀粉含量明显增加，K3处理显著降低；K2、K3、K4处理马铃薯块茎的可溶性糖、维生素C含量均明显增加，可溶性蛋白与硝酸盐含量均明显降低。主成分分析结果显示，各处理综合得分排名由高到低依次为K4＞K2＞K3＞K1。【结论】硫酸钾和氯化钾2种钾肥配施方法不同，马铃薯块茎内氮、磷、钾积累量及马铃薯产量与品质有明显差异，其中以基肥、追肥均施1/4硫酸钾和1/4氯化钾的处理（K4）效果最佳。 |
| 关键词: 马铃薯 配方施肥 钾肥施用 蔬菜栽培 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划项目（20180412002XH）；吉林省教育厅科学技术项目（JJKH20180669KJ）；国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-09-ES07） |
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| Effects of two application methods of potassium fertilizers on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,yield and quality of potato tubers |
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XU Shihao,ZHAO Chunbo,HUANGFU Liyun,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of combined application of two kinds of potassium fertilizers on the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in potato tubers as well as yield and quality of potato to provide reference for rational application of potassium chloride for yield and quality improvements.【Method】Yanshu 4 potato was selected for four fertilization treatments of base fertilizer 1/2 potassium sulfate+topdressing 1/2 potassium sulfate (K1),base fertilizer 1/2 potassium sulfate + topdressing 1/2 potassium chloride (K2),base fertilizer 1/2 potassium chloride+topdressing 1/2 potassium sulfate (K3) and base fertilizer 1/4 potassium sulfate-1/4 potassium chloride+topdressing 1/4 potassium sulfate-1/4 potassium chloride (K4).The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,yield and related quality indexes (starch,soluble sugar,vitamin C,soluble protein and nitrate contents) of potato tubers in different fertilization treatments were determined.On this basis,the comprehensive effects of different fertilization treatments on potato yield and quality were evaluated by principal component analysis.【Result】Compared with the single application of potassium sulfate treatment (K1),the combined application of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate increased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in potato tubers.Among the four treatments,K4 had the highest potato yield of 49 031 kg/hm2,significantly higher than other treatments.Compared with K1,the starch contents of potato tubers in K2 and K4 increased significantly,while that in K3 decreased significantly.The contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in potato tubers in K2,K3 and K4 increased significantly,while the contents of soluble protein and nitrate decreased significantly.The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of the treatments were in the order of K4>K2>K3>K1.【Conclusion】 The effects of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride on the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in potato tubers and the yield and quality of potato were significantly different.The K4 treatment of applying 1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4 potassium chloride as base fertilizer and 1/4 potassium sulfate and 1/4 potassium chloride as topdressing was the best. |
| Key words: potato formula fertilization potassium fertilizer application vegetable cultivation |
