| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究经营方式对残塬沟壑区苹果园土壤动物群落的影响，为果园生物多样性保护和合理利用土地资源提供依据。【方法】2018年夏在陕西省永寿县调查了果-蔬（Malus-Brassica）、果-草（Malus-Trifolium）、果-荒（Malus-Wild）和果-粮（Malus-Zea）等4种经营方式下苹果园土壤动物群落的变化，结合Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、冗余度分析（RDA）等方法，研究4种不同经营方式下残塬沟壑区苹果园土壤动物群落的结构特征、多样性及其与土壤环境因子的关系。【结果】调查区土壤动物为23 811只/m2,隶属4门11纲23目42科，其中优势类群有等节虫兆科、小杆科、厉螨科和美绥螨科，常见类群有10类，占采集总量的91.26%。较其他3种经营方式而言，果-草经营方式显著增加了土壤动物个体密度和类群数（P＜0.05）。在垂直分布上，土壤动物具有明显的表聚性特征，随着土层的加深其个体密度和类群数显著下降（P＜0.05）。果-草经营方式下各土层土壤动物多样性最丰富，且分布最均匀。冗余度分析（RDA）结果表明，速效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）、酸碱度（pH）、含水率（WC）是影响残塬沟壑区土壤动物分布的主要土壤环境因子。【结论】土壤动物群落生态分布特征与果园经营方式有关,果 草经营方式为土壤动物生存提供了适宜的环境，有利于维持其群落结构的稳定，对果园表层(0～10 cm)土壤动物群落有明显促进作用。 |
| 关键词: 土壤动物 苹果园 经营方式 残塬沟壑区 动物群落 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504605) |
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| Effects of orchard management on soil animal community in residual gully area |
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REN Xiaotong,QIN Fucang,WANG Dihai,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective This study investigated the effects of orchard management on soil fauna communities in the residual gully area to provide data for the protection of orchard biodiversity and rational use of land resources.【Method】The changes in soil fauna communities under four management modes of Malus-Brassica,Malus-Trifolium,Malus-Wild and Malus-Zea were investigated in Yongshou,Shaanxi in summer of 2018.The Shannon diversity index,Pielou evenness index,Margalef richness index,Simpson dominance index and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to understand the relationships of community structure and diversity of soil fauna with soil environmental factors.【Result】During investigation, the animal density was 23 811/m2,belonging to 4 phyla,11 classes,23 orders and 42 families.The dominant groups were Isoatomaceae,Rhabditidae,Laelapidae and Ameroseiidae,and 10 common groups accounted for 91.26% of the total collection.The Malus Brassica management had more significant effect on the increase of individual density and population of soil animals (P＜0.05) compared with other management modes.In vertical distribution, soil animals had characteristics of surface aggregation,and the individual density and population decreased significantly with the increase of soil layer (P＜0.05).The soil animal diversity in different soil layers under Malus-Trifolium management was the richest and the distribution was the most uniform.RDA showed that available phosphorus (AP),available potassium (AK),pH and water content (WC) were the main soil environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil fauna in the residual gully area.【Conclusion】The composition of soil fauna community was related to orchard management mode.Malus-Trifolium management could provide suitable living environment for soil fauna,maintain the stability of soil fauna community and promote the soil fauna community in the surface layer (0-10 cm). |
| Key words: soil animals apple orchard management patterns residual gully area community of animals |
