| 摘要: |
| 【目的】通过对兴隆山自然保护区蝴蝶种群动态的长期监测，进一步了解该保护区内的生态环境变化，进而制定科学的保护策略以维护保护区物种多样性。【方法】2016―2018年连续3年对兴隆山自然保护区5个林场（麻家寺、官滩沟、兴隆山、马坡和上庄）进行蝶类生物多样性监测，选取6条样线，即：样线Ⅰ（代家窑）、样线Ⅱ（火烧沟）、样线Ⅲ（范家山）、样线Ⅳ（香沟门）、样线Ⅴ（红庄子）、样线Ⅵ（徐家峡）。计算各样线蝶类多样性指数，包括物种丰富度、优势度指数、均匀度指数和相似性系数等，并分析兴隆山自然保护区蝶类的群落特征和区系组成。【结果】2016―2018年连续3年共采集蝴蝶标本4 618号，经鉴定隶属7科64属100种，其中眼蝶科（2 473号）是保护区的优势类群，喙蝶科（仅1号）为保护区的稀有种。多样性分析表明：样线多样性为样线Ⅰ＞样线Ⅵ＞样线Ⅲ＞样线Ⅳ＞样线Ⅱ＞样线Ⅴ，均匀度指数为样线Ⅱ＞样线Ⅴ＞样线Ⅵ＞样线Ⅰ＞样线Ⅳ＞样线Ⅲ，物种丰富度为样线Ⅲ＞样线Ⅳ＞样线Ⅰ＞样线Ⅵ＞样线Ⅴ＞样线Ⅱ。相似性分析表明：样线Ⅱ和样线Ⅴ为极不相似，样线Ⅰ和样线Ⅲ、样线Ⅰ和样线Ⅳ、样线Ⅲ和样线Ⅳ均为中等相似，其余样线两两间为中等不相似。区系组成表明：兴隆山自然保护区100种蝴蝶中古北种56种，占蝴蝶总种数的56％；东洋种2种，占蝴蝶总种数的2％；广布种42种，占蝴蝶总种数的42％。【结论】单一生态系统中蝴蝶群落的种数、个体数、多样性指数较低，复杂生态系统的蝴蝶群落具有较高的多样性指数。 |
| 关键词: 兴隆山 自然保护区 蝶类监测 多样性指数 物种丰富度 优势度指数 |
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| 基金项目:环境生态部全国生物多样性监测项目（SDZXWJZ012016034） |
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| Monitoring and diversity analysis of butterflies in Xinglong Mountain National Nature Reserve of Gansu |
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WU Xingbo,ZHOU Huili,ZHANG Hongyong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Long-term monitoring of butterfly population dynamics was conducted to improve the understanding of changes in ecological environment in Xinglong Mountain Nature Reserve and provide strategies for scientific protection of species diversity.【Method】Butterfly diversity monitoring was conducted at five forest stations in Xinglong Mountain National Nature Reserve (Majiasi,Guantangou,Xinglongshan,Mapo and Shangzhuang) for 3 consecutive years during 2016-2018.Six sample lines were set based on different ecological types including line Ⅰ (Daijiayao),line Ⅱ (Huoshaogou),line Ⅲ (Fanjiashan),line Ⅳ (Xinggoumen),line Ⅴ (Hongzhuangzi) and line Ⅵ (Xujiaxia).The diversity index,species richness,similarity coefficients,and the butterfly fauna were calculated and analyzed as well.【Result】A total of 4 618 butterflies were collected,belonging to 7 families,64 genera and 100 species during 2016-2018.The family Satyridae (2 473) was the dominate group,while Libytheidae only had one individual as the rare group.The diversity index was in the order of lineⅠ＞lineⅥ＞line Ⅲ＞line Ⅳ＞line Ⅱ＞lineⅤ.The evenness index was in the order of line Ⅱ＞line Ⅴ＞line Ⅵ＞line Ⅰ＞line Ⅳ＞line Ⅲ.The richness index was in the order of line Ⅲ＞line Ⅳ＞line Ⅰ＞line Ⅵ＞line Ⅴ＞line Ⅱ.The similarity coefficients showed that the species of line Ⅱ and line Ⅴ were extremely dissimilar.The species of line Ⅰ and line Ⅲ,line Ⅰ and line Ⅳ,as well as line Ⅲ and line Ⅳ were moderately similar,and the species of other lines were moderately dissimilar.The fauna showed that 56 species of Palaearctic accounted for 56% of the total butterfly species,2 species of Oriental species accounted for 2%,and 42 species of Widespread species accounted for 42%.【Conclusion】The species number,individual number,diversity index and species richness of butterfly community in single ecosystems were low, while they were high in complex ecosystems. |
| Key words: Xinglong Mountain nature reserve butterfly monitoring diversity index species richness dominance index |
