| 摘要: |
| 苹果煤污病和蝇粪病症状复杂多样,症状类型是研究其病原多样性的基础.对采自陕西省苹果产区洛川、黄陵、乾县、永寿、彬县、礼泉、眉县、武功、杨凌等地果园中的苹果煤污病和蝇粪病,在体视镜和显微镜下病原菌菌体形态进行了观察、分类.结果表明,陕西主要苹果产区的苹果煤污病和蝇粪病的症状类型复杂,煤污病有4类（分枝类、煤烟类、刻点类和开裂类）9亚类（雪花状、树枝状、平滑煤烟状、粗糙煤烟状、亮刻点状、暗刻点状、底纹蜂巢刻点状、蜂巢状和条块状）;蝇粪病有3类（棕点类、微点类和黑点类）.其中的雪花状、条块状、微点类和棕点类为新的类型.以上结果显示,我国苹果煤污病和蝇粪病病原菌菌体类型具有丰富的多样性,其中可能包括一些特殊的类型. |
| 关键词: 煤污病 蝇粪病 苹果 多样性 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（30670013）；国际科学基金项目 “苹果煤污病与蝇粪病病原多样性研究”(D/S3538-1)；教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目（No.200558） |
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| Thallus morphological diversity of the apple sooty blotch and flyspeck |
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| Abstract: |
| The samples of apple sooty blotch and flyspeck were collected from different apple growing places in Shaanxi province,China.It was found that the pathogens of sooty blotch and flyspeck were complicated.The pathogenic thalli of sooty blotch,based on Groves's standard,under stereo microscope and microscope was divided into four kinds:ramose,fuliginous,punctate and rimate.Further nine sub-kinds were identified:snowflake-like,arborescent,smooth,fuliginous,rough fuliginous,light punctate,dark punctate,punctate with honeycomb background,honeycomb pattern,line-lump.In contrast,there were three kinds of flyspeck:black dot,brown dot and micro-dot. These results showed that the kinds of the pathogens of apple sooty blotch and flyspeck were of high diversity,probadly including some special types. |
| Key words: sooty blotch lyspeck apple diversity |
