| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析谷子穴播机勺链式导种装置的纳种投种过程，为进一步提高勺链式导种装置的工作性能 提供参考。【方法】阐述了勺链式导种装置总体结构与工作原理，建立了纳种过程谷粒速度方向角和速度与型孔轮转 速、正压吹力之间的关系模型，以及投种过程投种高度与播种机前进速度、勺链角速度、种勺距链轮旋转轴轴心距离、 勺链底部距沟底距离的关系模型。分析了纳种过程谷粒第1次碰到种勺时速度随下落高度的变化规律，明确了投种阶段谷粒落种高度与播种机前进速度等相关参数的相互关系。结合单因素试验与高速摄像技术探究了排种器转速、 正压吹力对谷粒脱离排种器排种过程和导种链轮转速、投种高度对导种装置投种过程的影响规律。【结果】理论分析 表明，谷粒从排种口下落至种勺过程中，当正压吹力在0~1 kPa时，伴随型孔轮转速增加速度方向角变化较为平缓，为61°-62°。当型孔轮转速在10-20 r/min时，伴随正压吹力增加谷粒速度方向角变化较快，为61°-67°。谷粒从种勺下落至种床过程中，投种高度随着勺链转速增加而呈上凸型抛物线增加趋势，且随着播种机前进速度的增大，落种高度 差从50 mm左右减少至20 mm左右。高速摄像测定试验表明，正压吹力越大，谷粒从排种器正面与侧面下落时的分布离散程度加剧，并且在相同落种高度下，正面下落种子偏移情况较侧面更加严重。随排种器转速的增加，谷粒群在 排种器水平方向纳种轨迹的离散程度均有所增加，但趋势并不明显。投种高度在10~50 mm时，谷粒轨迹在导种装置的正面与侧面包含垂线、斜线两种。随链轮转速的增加，下落谷粒在导种装置水平方向的聚拢性逐渐变差。【结论】结合理论分析、高速摄像技术以及台架试验等方法阐明了谷子穴播机勺链式导种装置的纳种及投种机理，为后续装置 结构及其工作参数优化提供了理论支撑。 |
| 关键词: 谷子穴播机 勺链式导种装置 纳种投种机理 高速摄像技术 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 12. 018 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52275246） |
|
| Analysis of the seed receiving and throwing process of a spoon-chain-type seed guiding device for a grain hole seeder |
|
LI Yifei1,2, ZHOU Wenqi1, LIU Tianxiang2, SUN Wensheng2, YI Shujuan2, ZHANG Kun2
|
|
1.College of Engineering，Northeast Agricultural University，Harbin，Heilongjiang 150030，China;2.College of Engineering，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319，China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed the seed receiving and throwing process of a spoon-chain-type seed guiding device for a grain hole seeder，aiming to provide a reference for further improving its working perfor-mance.【Method】The overall structure and working principle of the spoon-chain-type seed guiding device were described. Relationship models were established for the speed and speed direction angle of millet versus the hole wheel speed and the positive pressure blowing force of the air nozzle on millet during the seed receiving process，and for the throwing height versus the forward speed of the seeder，the angular speed of the spoon chain，the dis‐tance from the seed spoon and the sprocket rotation axis，and the distance from the bottom of the spoon chain to the bottom of the ditch during the seed throwing process，and the change law of the speed of millet with the fal-ling height when it first touched the spoon in the seed receiving process was analyzed，and the interrelationships among the seed falling height at the seed throwing stage of the millet and related parameters such as the forward speed of the seeder were clarified. Using single-factor tests and high-speed camera technology，the effects of the seed-metering device speed and positive pressure blowing force on the seed detachment process from the seed-metering device，and the effects of the sprocket speed and the throwing height on the seed throwing process of the seed guide device were investigated.【Result】The theoretical analysis showed that during the process of seeds falling from the seed-metering device to the seed spoon，when the positive pressure blowing force was be‐tween 0-1 kPa，the change in speed direction angle with the increase in rotational speed of the hole wheel was relatively smooth，ranging from 61°-62°.When the speed of the hole wheel was 10-20 r/min，the change in the speed direction angle of millet was relatively rapid as the positive pressure blowing force increased，ranging from 61°-67°. In the process of seed falling from the seed spoon to the seedbed，the throwing height increased in a convex parabola as the sprocket speed increased，and the variation in throwing height decreased from about 50 mm to about 20 mm with the increase of the forward speed of the seeder. High-speed camera measurement showed that the greater the positive pressure blowing force，the more discrete the distribution of seeds falling from the front and side of the seed-metering device；under the same seed falling height，the deviation of seeds falling from the front was more serious than that from the side. With the increase of the seed-metering device speed，the horizontal dispersion of seed trajectories increased，but the trend was not obvious. When the throwing height was 10-50 mm，the trajectories on both the front and side of the guiding device included vertical and oblique lines. With the increase of the rotation speed of the seed guide sprocket，the horizontal convergence of the falling grains gradually deteriorated.【Conclusion】Based on theoretical analysis，high-speed camera techno-logy and bench test，the seed receiving and throwing mechanism of the spoon-chain-type seed guiding device for a grain hole seeder was clarified，which provided theoretical support for the subsequent optimization of the device structure and working parameter optimization. |
| Key words: grain hole seeder spoon-chain-type seed guiding device mechanism of seed receiving and throwing high-speed camera technology |
