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| 黑龙江省榆叶梅居群多样性研究 |
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方玉凤1,2, 徐连峰1, 张强1,3, 蒋先翠1, 赵影4, 温宝阳1
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1.黑龙江省林业科学院 齐齐哈尔分院，黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161005;2.黑龙江七台河森林生态系统定位观测研究站，黑龙江 七台河 154600;3.黑龙江省松嫩平原农田防护林生态系统定位观测研究站，黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161005;4.中国科学院 沈阳应用生态研究所 森林生态与保育重点实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110016
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对榆叶梅（Prunus triloba Lindl. ）居群16个表型性状和32种营养成分进行综合分析，为榆叶梅 优良单株开发利用及无性繁殖提供参考。【方法】以榆叶梅7个居群为研究对象，参照相关标准规范，测定表型性状， 即果实性状（单果质量）、果核性状（核纵径、核横径、核侧径、单核质量）和种仁性状（仁纵径、仁横径、仁侧径、单仁质 量），分析表型性状与地理和气候因子的相关性，并对表型性状测定结果较好的4个居群28个单株的种仁进行营养成 分测定。同时，对定植10年榆叶梅29个家系的生长指标进行测定，并采用主成分分析从中筛选优良家系。【结果】榆叶梅核、仁形状性状变异系数较小，为6.72%-9.96%；果、核、仁质量相关性状的变异系数较大，为21.01%-35.03%。相关性分析结果表明，核、仁大小及出仁率受地理气候因子影响较显著，其中日照时数、≥10 ℃积温和年蒸 发量为主要影响因素。种仁营养成分中，维生素E的变异系数最大，为91.20%；共检测出18种氨基酸，其中苏氨酸的变异系数最大，为86.86%；共检测到18种脂肪酸，其中5种脂肪酸含量在0.1%以上，变异系数较小。定植10年榆叶梅29个家系的株高为2.18-3.04 m，冠幅为1.70-2.50 m，地径为2.20-3.44 cm。根据主成分值筛选出的优良家系分别为J-11、JD-E、JD-2、XJ-C、JD-4、Y-3。【结论】黑龙江省榆叶梅居群的核、仁形状性状相对稳定，果、核、仁质量相 关指标差异较大；加格达奇居群因总脂肪酸、药用氨基酸含量均最高，可以作为油用仁的首选育种居群。 |
| 关键词: 榆叶梅 表型性状 种仁营养成分 居群多样性 黑龙江地区 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 12. 010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD1500200）；黑龙江省省属科研院所基本科研业务费资金项目（CZKYF2025Q002）；国家林 业和草原局林业公益性行业科研专项（201304704） |
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| Research on the diversity of Prunus triloba Lindl. populations in Heilongjiang Province |
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FANG Yufeng,XU Lianfeng,ZHANG Qiang,JIANG Xiancui,ZHAO Ying,WEN Baoyang
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1.Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences，Qiqihar，Heilongjiang 161005，China;2.Heilongjiang Qitaihe Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station，Qitaihe，Heilongjiang 154600，China;3.Heilongjiang Songnen Plain Farmland Shelterbelt Ecosystem Observation and Research Station，Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences，Qiqihar，Heilongjiang 161005，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 16 phenotypic traits and 32 nutritional components of Prunus triloba Lindl. populations，to provide data support for the development and utilization of superior individual plants for asexual reproduction.【Method】With P.triloba Lindl. populations as the research objects and relevant standards and norms as references，excellent individual plants from seven populations（Fulaerji District of Qiqihaer，Jiagedaqi，Nenhe，Longjiang，Qitaihe，Medical College of Qiqihaer and Xinjiang Forest Farm） were investigated. The phenotypic traits，such as fruit character（single fruit mass），nut character（nut vertical diameter，nut horizontal diameter，nut lateral diameter and single nut dry mass），kernel character（kernel vertical diameter，kernel horizontal diameter，kernel lateral diameter，single kernel dry mass） were determined，and the correlations between phenotypic traits and geographical and climatic factors were analyzed. Populations with good phenotypic traits（28 individual plants in 4 populations） were tested to determine their nutritional content of kernel（kernel vitamins，trace elements，amino acids and fatty acids）.The growth indicators of 29 families of P.triloba Lindl. that had been planted for 10 years were determined，and principal component analysis was used to screen out superior families.【Result】The coefficient of variation of nut and kernel shape traits of P.triloba Lindl. were relatively low，ranging from 6.72% to 9.96%，while the quality-related traits of fruit，nut and kernel were relatively high，ranging from 21.01% to 35.03%. The correlation analysis showed that the size of nut and kernel，kernel yield were significantly affected by geographical and climatic factors，with sunshine duration，accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ and annual evaporation being the main influencing factors. In terms of nutritional components of kernel，the coefficient of variation of vitamin E was the highest，reaching 91. 20%. A total of 18 amino acids were detected，among which threonine showed the highest coefficient of variation （86.86%）.A total of 18 fatty acids were detected，among which five fatty acids showed contents exceeding 0.1% and exhibited relatively low coefficients of variation. For the 29 families of P.triloba Lindl. planted for 10 years，the plant heights were 2.18 to 3.04 meters，the crown spreads were 1.70 to 2.50 meters，and the ground diameters were 2.20 to 3.44 cm. Based on the principal component values，the excellent families were J-11，JD-E，JD-2，XJ-C，JD-4，and Y-3.【Conclusion】The shape traits of seed and kernel of P. triloba Lindl. populations in Heilongjiang Province were relatively stable，and significant differences were observed in fruit，seed，and kernel quality-related traits. The Jiagedaqi population，with its highest total fatty acid content and medicinal amino acid content，could be regarded as the preferred breeding population for oil-use kernel. |
| Key words: Prunus triloba Lindl. phenotypic characters nutritional content of kernel population diversity Heilongjiang area |
