| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨深松结合地膜覆盖对旱作马铃薯生长和块茎产量的影响，为宁夏南部旱区马铃薯高产栽 培提供技术参考。【方法】于2021-2022年连续2个干旱年型下，以‘青薯9号’马铃薯品种为供试对象，在宁夏南部旱区进行大田双因素裂区定位试验，主因素设翻耕15 cm（T15）及深松30 cm（T30）、40 cm（T40）和50 cm（T50）4个耕作水 平，副因素设普通地膜（MD）、可降解渗水地膜（MF）、秸秆纸膜（MJ）覆盖及不覆盖（MB）4个处理水平，以翻耕15 cm不覆盖（T15MB）为对照，测定不同组合处理下旱作马铃薯关键生育期（现蕾期、块茎形成期和块茎膨大期）的土壤蓄水量、 根系形态和生理特征、干物质积累量、块茎产量及商品薯率。【 结果】（ 1）马铃薯关键生育期0-100 cm土层土壤蓄水 量在2年块茎形成期和块茎膨大期均以T30MJ处理最高，在2021和2022年块茎膨大期分别较对照提高39.21%和25.96%。（2）马铃薯块茎形成期至块茎膨大期根表面积、根体积、根系活跃吸收面积2年均以T40MJ处理最优，块茎膨大期根表面积在2021和2022年分别较对照增加14.37%和27.56%，根体积分别较对照增加46.63%和46.77%，根系活跃吸收面积分别较对照增加74.79%和41.71%；块茎形成期至块茎膨大期根系活力在2021和2022年分别以T30MJ和T40MJ处理最优，块茎膨大期分别较同期对照增加89.32%和77.38%。（3）各关键生育期地上部干物质累积量在2021和2022年分别以T30MJ和T40MJ最高，块茎膨大期分别较同期对照增加48.01%和37.90%。块茎形成期至块茎膨大期地下部干物质累积量2年均以T30MJ最高，块茎膨大期在2021和2022年分别较对照增加80.77%和55.06%。（4）马铃薯块茎产量和商品薯率2年均以T40MJ最高，2021年较对照分别提高106.24%和13.91%，2022年分别提高67.42%和6.43%。（5）2年现蕾期土壤蓄水量、根系活力和地上部干物质累积量均对马铃薯块茎产量形成有显 著影响，但土壤蓄水量和地上部干物质累积量对产量的影响程度在年际间存在差异，2021年土壤蓄水量的影响更大，而2022年地上部干物质累积量的影响更突出。【 结论】干旱年型下，采用深松30-40 cm结合秸秆纸膜覆盖的栽培模 式，可显著提高宁夏南部旱区马铃薯关键生育期的土壤蓄水量，促进根系生长发育，加速植株地上部和地下部干物质 累积，进而显著提升马铃薯块茎产量和商品薯率。 |
| 关键词: 旱作马铃薯 干旱年型 深松结合地膜覆盖 根系特征 马铃薯产量 宁南旱区 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 11. 013 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160515，31860362）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（2025AAC030184，2025AAC030238） |
|
| Effects of subsoiling combined with plastic film mulching on root characteristics and yield of rainfed potatoes |
|
MA Lanlan1, HAN Gu2, HOU Xianqing1, LI Huixia1, LI Rong1
|
|
1.College of Agriculture，Ningxia University，Yinchuan，Ningxia 750021，China;2.Experimental Center of Desert Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Dengkou，Inner Mongolia 015200，China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The study aims to explore the effects of subsoiling combined with plastic mulching on the growth and tuber yield of rainfed potatoes，thereby providing a technical reference for high-yield potato cultivation in the dryland area of southern Ningxia.【Method】A two-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted in the dryland area of southern Ningxia during two consecutive drought years from 2021 to 2022. Potato cultivar ‘Qingshu 9’ was used as the test culticar. The main plots included four tillage levels：conventional tillage at 15 cm（T15） and subsoiling at 30 cm（T30），40 cm（T40），and 50 cm（T50）.The subplots consisted of four mulching treatments：conventional plastic film（MD），biodegradable water-permeable film（MF），straw-based paper film（MJ），and no mulching（MB）.Conventional tillage at 15 cm with no mulching（T15MB） was used as the control. Soil water storage，root morphological and physiological characteristics，dry matter accumulation，tuber yield，and marketable tuber rate were measured during the key growth stages（bud appearance stage，tuber initiation stage，and tuber bulking stage） of rainfed potatoes under the combined treatments.【Result】（ 1） In both 2021 and 2022，the T30MJ treatment resulted in the highest soil water storage in the 0-100 cm layer during the tuber initiation and tuber bulking stages.Specifically，during the tuber bulking stage，it increased soil water storage by 39.21% and 25.96% compared to the control in 2021 and 2022，respectively.（2）Root surface area，root volume，and root active absorption area during the tuber initiation to tuber bulking stages were highest under the T40MJ treatment in both 2021 and 2022.During the tuber bulking stage，root surface area increased by 14.37% and 27.56% compared to the control in 2021 and 2022，respectively；root volume increased by 46.63% and 46.77%，respectively；and root active absorption area increased by 74.79% and 41.71%，respectively.During the tuber initiation to tuber bulking stages，the highest root activity was recorded in the T30MJ treatment in 2021 and the T40MJ treatment in 2022.During the tuber bulking stage，root activity increased by 89.32% and 77.38% compared to the control in 2021 and 2022，respectively.（3）During the key growth stages，the highest shoot dry matter accumulation was recorded in the T30MJ treatment in 2021 and the T40MJ treatment in 2022.During the tuber bulking stage，it increased by 48.01% and 37.90% compared to the control in 2021 and 2022，respectively.Root dry matter accumulation during the tuber initiation and tuber bulking stages was highest under the T30MJ treatment in both years.During the tuber bulking stage，it increased by 80.77% and 55.06% compared to the control in 2021 and 2022，respectively.（4） Tuber yield and marketable tuber rate were both the highest under the T40MJ treatment in both years.Compared with the control，tuber yield increased by 106.24% in 2021 and 67.42% in 2022，while the marketable tuber rate was 13.91% and 6.43% higher，respectively.（5） Soil water storage，root activity，and shoot dry matter accumulation during the bud appearance stage in both years all had significant effects on potato tuber yield formation. However，the extent of these effects varied between years：soil water storage played a more prominent role in 2021，whereas shoot dry matter accumulation had a greater impact in 2022.【Conclusion】Under drought conditions，the cultivation model combining subsoiling at 30-40 cm with straw-based paper film mulching can significantly increase soil water storage during the key growth stages of potatoes in the dryland area of southern Ningxia，promote root growth and development，accelerate the accumulation of shoot and root dry matter，and thereby significantly improve tuber yield and marketable tuber rate. |
| Key words: rainfed potato drought year subsoiling with plastic film mulching root traits tuber yield south-ern Ningxia arid region |
