| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探讨滴灌水肥一体化条件下，不同配方施肥处理对‘秦脆’苹果叶片与果实中氮（N）、磷（P）、 钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）5种矿质元素含量动态变化及产量的影响，为‘秦脆’苹果优质施肥方案的确定提供参考。【 方 法】以新疆伊犁4年生‘秦脆’苹果为试材，采用五因素四水平正交设计，设置16个配方施肥处理（T1~T16）和1个常规施肥对照（CK），测定不同生育期叶片和果实的矿质元素含量及成熟期产量指标，分析各处理对‘秦脆’苹果矿质元素与产量的影响。【 结果】不同配方施肥处理对苹果叶片和果实矿质营养水平的调控效果存在显著差异。叶片中N、P含量总体随生育期推进呈下降趋势，而K、Ca、Mg含量的变化趋势因元素和处理而异。果实中N、Mg含量呈下降趋 势，P含量呈先下降后上升趋势，K、Ca含量总体呈上升趋势。相关性分析表明，叶片、果实矿质元素含量及产量间存 在显著关联，叶片K含量与果实P、K含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；叶片P含量与叶片K含量和果实P含量呈极显 著正相关（P<0.01），与单株产量呈显著负相关；果实纵径与果实横径、单果质量呈极显著正相关，果实横径、单果质 量、单株产量间两两呈极显著正相关。不同配方施肥处理对‘秦脆’果实产量指标具有显著影响，其中T13处理（N 360 kg/hm2，P2O5 0 kg/hm2，K2O 360 kg/hm2，CaO 49 kg/hm2，MgO 15 kg/hm2）的单株产量最高，达27. 11 kg。主成分分析共筛选出5个主成分，累计方差贡献率为85.754%；各施肥处理的综合得分为-1. 95-1. 18，其中T13处理排序 第一。【 结论】综合矿质元素含量与产量表现，在‘秦脆’苹果园滴灌水肥一体化管理中，T13处理的综合效果较优，有助于协调树体营养，促进果实矿质元素积累，从而实现增产提质目标。 |
| 关键词: ‘秦脆’苹果 配方施肥 施肥方案 水肥一体化 新疆伊犁 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 11. 009 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆林果产业技术体系项目（XJLGCYJSTX04-2024） |
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| Effects of drip⁃irrigation with formula fertilization on mineral element contents and yield of ‘Qincui’ apple |
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LIU Ai1, YING Jie1, LI Anhua2, QIN Wei1,3
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1.College of Horticulture，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052，China;2.Yili Langyunjian Tourism Development and Management Co. ，Ltd. ，Yining，Xinjiang 835100，China;3.College of Agronomy，Xinjiang Hetian College，Hetian，Xinjiang 848000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of different formula fertilization treatments on the dynamic changes of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P），potassium（K），calcium（Ca），and magnesium（Mg） contents in leaves and fruits，as well as on the yield of ‘Qincui’ apple under drip irrigation conditions，thereby providing a reference for establishing an optimal fertilization strategy for ‘Qincui’ apple.【Method】Using fouryear-old ‘Qincui’ apple trees grown in Yili，Xinjiang as materials，a five-factor，four-level orthogonal design was employed，comprising 16 formula fertilization treatments（T1-T16） and one conventional fertilization control（CK）.Mineral element contents in leaves and fruits at different growth stages，along with yield indices at maturity，were determined to analyze the effects of each treatment on mineral nutrition and yield of ‘Qincui’ apple.【Result】Significant differences were observed in the regulatory effects of different formula fertilization treatments on mineral nutrient levels in apple leaves and fruits. In leaves，N and P concentrations generally decreased with advancing growth stages，whereas trends for K，Ca and Mg varied depending on elements and treat-
ments. In fruits，N and Mg contents showed a decreasing trend，while P content decreased first and then increased，and K and Ca contents generally increased. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between yield and mineral element contents in leaves and fruits. Leaf K content was positively correlated with fruit P and K contents，with extremely high significance（P<0.01）.Leaf P content showed a highly positive correla-tions with leaf K content and fruit P content（P<0.01），whereas their correlations with yield per plant were significantly negative. Fruit longitudinal diameter exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with fruit transverse diameter and single fruit weight. Moreover，pairwise correlations among fruit transverse diameter，single fruit weight，and yield per plant were all extremely significant and positive. Different formula fertilization treatments had significant effects on the fruit yield indices of ‘Qincui’ apple. Among them，T13 treatment（N 360 kg/hm2，P2O5 0 kg/hm2，K2O 360 kg/hm2，CaO 49 kg/hm2，MgO 15 kg/hm2） achieved the highest yield per plant，reaching 27.11 kg. Principal component analysis extracted five principal components，with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.754%.The comprehensive scores of all fertilization treatments ranged from -1.95 to 1.18 with the T13 treatment ranking first.【Conclusion】Considering both mineral element contents and yield performance，the T13 treatment demonstrated superior comprehensive effects in the integrated management of drip fertigation in ‘Qincui’ apple orchards. This treatment helped balance tree nutrition，promote fruit mineral accumulation，and achieve the goals of yield increase and quality improvement. |
| Key words: ‘Qincui’ apple formula fertilization fertilization scheme fertigation Yili,Xinjiang |
