| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】设计一种满足精量控制要求的型孔间歇式水稻侧深施肥装置，为提高肥料利用率、降低水稻 种植成本提供技术支持。【 方法】根据水稻侧深施肥的农艺需求，结合插秧机结构空间限制，确定装置的关键作业参 数和结构参数；通过对施肥装置工作过程的理论分析，明确排肥效果的主要影响因素。为实现高精度排肥控制，构建 模糊PID控制算法，并采用MATLAB软件进行仿真验证；通过台架试验分析机具前进速度、型孔数量与入肥口尺寸3个参数对施肥位置合格率与排肥变异系数的影响；利用Design-Expert软件进行多因素交互作用分析，优化各参数的 最佳组合。【 结果】理论分析表明，排肥效果主要受型孔转盘转速ω与肥料颗粒至圆心距离L的影响。仿真分析表明， 相较于传统PID控制，模糊PID控制将调节时间由0.287 s缩短至0.076 s，优化幅度达73%；同时，超调量由11.64%降低至3.86%，优化幅度达67%；台架试验结果显示，在前进速度为0.44 m/s、入肥口尺寸为729 mm2 、型孔数量为6的组合条件下，施肥位置合格率达95.09%，排肥变异系数为8.59%。【 结论】所设计的型孔间歇式侧深施肥装置与模糊PID控制系统配套应用，可有效提升水稻施肥作业的精准性与稳定性，能满足水稻间歇式侧深施肥的农艺需求。 |
| 关键词: 水稻 间歇式侧深施肥 排肥效果 模糊PID控制 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 08. 018 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD2300104） |
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| Design and experiment of an orifice⁃type intermittent side⁃deep fertilization device for rice |
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LI Ruixiang, YU Shunji, DONG Xiaowei, XUE Jinyi, YU Zihan
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College of Engineering，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The study aims to design an orifice-type intermittent side-deep fertilization device for rice that meets the requirements of precise control，to provide technical support for improving fertilizer utilization and reduce cultivation costs.【Method】Based on the agronomic requirements for rice sidedeep fertilization and the structural constraints of rice transplanters，the key operational and structural parameters of the device were determined. A theoretical analysis of the device’s working process was conducted to identify the main factors influencing discharge performance. To achieve high-precision discharge control，a fuzzy PID control algorithm was developed and verified via MATLAB simulation.Bench tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of travel speed，orifice quantity，and inlet area on the qualification rate of fertilizer placement and the coefficient of variation of discharge. A multi-factor interaction analysis using Design-Expert software was performed to opti-mize parameter combination.【Result】Theoretical analysis revealed that the discharge performance was mainly affected by the rotary speed ω of the orifice disk and the radial distance L from the fertilizer particle to the disk center. Simulation results showed that，compared with conventional PID control，the fuzzy PID controller reduced the settling time from 0.287 s to 0.076 s（a 73% improvement），enabling faster system response. The overshoot decreased from 11.64% to 3.86%（a 67% reduction），indicating higher control precision. Bench tests demonstrated that under the optimal combination of a travel speed of 0.44 m/s，an inlet area of 729 mm2，and 6 orifices，the qualified rate of fertilizer placement reached 95.09%，and the coefficient of variation was 8.59%.【Conclusion】The integration of the proposed orifice-type intermittent side-deep fertilization device with the fuzzy PID control improves the precision and stability of rice fertilization operation，effectively meeting agronomic requirements for intermittent side-deep fertilization in rice. |
| Key words: rice intermittent side-deep fertilization fertilizer discharge effect fuzzy PID control |
