| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确青海省主要农业区设施辣椒根结线虫的分布及其种类，为针对性防治根结线虫病提供依 据。【 方法】2024年对青海省主要农业区设施辣椒上根结线虫病害的发生情况进行调查。在青海省4市（州）12县 （区）的设施辣椒栽培区采集疑似感染根结线虫病的病根328份，带回实验室分离根结线虫，在显微镜下观察和测量根 结线虫2龄幼虫及雌虫的体长、体宽、尾长和口针长等形态特征。并采用蛋白酶 K法提取其DNA，利用根结线虫rDNA-ITS及28S rDNA引物进行PCR扩增，通过国内常见的4种根结线虫特异性引物（inc-K14-F/R、Far/Rar、MhF/R、Fjar/Rjar）进行鉴定。将分离获得的根结线虫悬浮液接种于真叶为6叶的健康辣椒根部，接种40 d后取辣椒根部 进行染色，观察根结线虫的感染性。【 结果】调查发现青海省海东市平安区、循化撒拉族自治县及海西蒙古族藏族自治州格尔木市的设施辣椒根结线虫病发生最为严重，病情指数分别为70.00，55.08和67.69，根结线虫检出率分别为75.00%，61.54%和73.08%；青海省西宁市湟中区设施辣椒根结线虫病的病情较为严重，病情指数为41.60，根结线 虫检出率为56.00%；黄南藏族自治州尖扎县设施辣椒根结线虫病的病情较轻，病情指数为19.52，根结线虫检出率为38.10%；海东市民和回族土族自治县及互助土族自治县的病情指数分别为8.89和5.38，根结线虫检出率分别为27.78%和19.23%；其余县（区）均未检出根结线虫。对采集的328份疑似根结线虫病样进行检测，共检出阳性样本111份，阳性检出率为33.84%。分离所得根结线虫群体在形态学特征及体测值上均与南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）和花生根结线虫（Meloidogyne arenaria）一致。利用4种根结线虫SCAR序列特异性引物进行PCR扩增，检出南方根结线虫82份，检出率为25.00%；花生根结线虫34份，检出率为10.37%；病情严重地区存在2种线虫交叉感染现象，12份分子鉴定样本中，南方根结线虫和花生根结线虫复合侵染的占比为33.33%；北方根结线虫（Meloidogyne hapla）与爪哇根结线虫（Meloidogyne javanica）均未被检出。【 结论】青海省主要农业区设施辣椒已有根结线虫 发生，部分地区病情严重，病情指数达到55以上。青海省设施辣椒根结线虫病病原为南方根结线虫和花生根结线虫， 且南方根结线虫为该省设施辣椒根结线虫病的病原优势种。 |
| 关键词: 设施辣椒 根结线虫 病原鉴定 青海省 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 07. 013 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2024ZY025） |
|
| Distribution and pathogen identification of root-knot nematode disease in facility pepper cultivation in Qinghai Province |
|
BAO Mengnan1, ZHANG Xian2, ZHANG Zhongcun3, YAN Jiahui1
|
|
1.Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Agricultural Pests/Agricultural and Rural Affairs Ministry Xining Crop Pest and Disease Scientific Observation Station，Qinghai University，Xining，Qinghai 810016，China;2.Vegetable Technology Service Center，Ping’an District，Haidong，Qinghai 810699，China;3.Agricultural Science and Technology Service Center，Golmud Agricultural Reclamation（ Group） Co. ，Ltd. ，Haixi，Qinghai 816000，China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to investigate the distribution pattern and identify the species of Meloidogyne spp. in the major agricultural regions of Qinghai Province，specifically in pepper crops，to provide a basis for the development of targeted control measures for root-knot nematode diseases in the province. 【Method】In 2024，a survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of root-knot nematode（Meloidogyne spp.） disease in facility-grown pepper（Capsicum annuum L.） across major agricultural regions of Qinghai Province，China. A total of 328 suspected infected root samples were collected from pepper production green?house in 12 counties/districts across 4 prefecture-level regions. Root-knot nematodes were isolated from diseased roots，and the morphological characteristics of 2nd-instar larvae and females，including body length，body width，tail length，and stylet length，were examined under a microscope. Genomic DNA was extracted by using the proteinase K method，and PCR amplification was performed with universal primers targeting the rDNA-ITS and 28S rDNA regions，followed by validation using species-specific primers（inc-K14-F/R，Far/Rar，Mh-F/R，and Fjar/Rjar） for four common root-knot nematode species in China. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating nematode suspensions onto roots of six-leaf-stage healthy pepper plants，with the infection condition veri?fied through root staining approximately 40 days post-inoculation.【Result】The highest incidence of root-knot nematode disease in facility-cultivated peppers was recorded in Ping’an district and Xunhua Salar Autonomous county of Haidong city，as well as Golmud city of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture，with disease index of 70.00，55.08，and 67.69，and root-knot nematode detection rates of 75.00%，61.54%，and 73.08%，respectively. A moderately high disease incidence was observed in Huangzhong district of Xining city， with a disease index of 41.60 and a detection rate of 56.00%. In Jianzha county of Huangnan Tibetan Autono? mous Prefecture，the disease incidence was relatively low，with a disease index of 19.52 and a detection rate of 38.10%. In Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous county and Huzhu Tu Autonomous county of Haidong city，the disease indices were 8. 89 and 5.38，with corresponding detection rates of 27.78% and 19.23%，respectively. No root-knot nematode disease was detected in the remaining surveyed regions. Among a total of 328 suspected pepper root samples，111 were tested as positive for root-knot nematodes，resulting in an overall detection rate of 33.84%. The morphological characteristics of the isolated nematodes，including measurements，were consistent with those of M. incognita（southern root-knot nematode） and M. arenaria（peanut root-knot nematode）.SCAR-specific primers for root-knot nematodes were used for PCR amplification，and 82 positive samples of M. incognita （detection rate was 25.00%） and 34 positive samples of M. arenaria （detection rate was 10.37%） were identified. Co-infection of both nematode species was observed in regions with severe infection conditions. Among the 12 molecular identification samples，the samples co-infected by M. incognita and M. incognita accounted for 33.33%.Neither Meloidogyne hapla（northern root-knot nematode） nor Meloidogyne javanica（ java root-knot nematode） was detected.【Conclusion】Root-knot nematodes have been identified in facility vegetable-growing regions of Qinghai Province，with severe infection conditions observed in certain areas， where the disease index exceeds 55. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed that the root-knot nema? tode disease in facility-grown peppers across Qinghai Province was caused by M. incognita and M. arenaria，with M. incognita identified as the predominant species. |
| Key words: facility peppers Meloidogyne spp. pathogen identification Qinghai Province |
