| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】解决黄土高原北部荞麦主产区因籽粒成熟度不一致导致的荞麦机械化收获难的问题，探索适 宜陕北地区荞麦机械化收获的催熟化控剂种类。【 方法】以等花柱荞麦品种西农D4103为试验材料，于2023?2024年采用随机区组设计进行大田试验，以清水（CK）为对照，在灌浆期对荞麦叶片喷施激素型催熟化控剂乙烯利（ETH）、噻 苯隆（TDZ）和除草剂型催熟化控剂敌草快（DCK）、草甘膦（PMG），分析不同催熟化控剂对西农D4103成熟特性、籽粒 品质、产量及其构成因素的影响。【 结果】①除草剂型催熟化控剂DCK和PMG显著影响了荞麦脱叶率和器官含水 量，西农D4103在DCK处理下含水量最低，在PMG处理后脱叶率较对照显著提高130.48%。②催熟化控剂显著影响 了荞麦籽粒成熟度和灌浆速率，与CK相比，TDZ处理显著提高了西农D4103籽粒最大灌浆速率，延长了籽粒灌浆活 跃期，促进籽粒灌浆，有效提高了荞麦籽粒成熟度，显著提高了成熟籽粒占比。③与CK相比，TDZ处理提高了西农D4103淀粉和蛋白质含量，抑制荞麦脂肪积累；DCK和PMG处理下荞麦籽粒可溶性糖、蔗糖和脂肪含量显著提高，而 黄酮含量显著降低。④与CK相比，激素型催熟化控剂TDZ处理显著提高了西农D4103单株粒数、单株粒质量、千粒 质量和产量，而除草剂型催熟化控剂DCK和PMG处理下荞麦籽粒产量及其构成因素均有所降低。【 结论】TDZ处理 有效提高了西农D4103籽粒成熟度，促进产量提高。综合考虑，在灌浆期叶片喷施0.1%噻苯隆（TDZ）有利于改善荞 麦成熟期特性，可作为黄土高原北部荞麦主产区机械化收获的重要依据。 |
| 关键词: 荞麦 化学催熟 成熟特性 荞麦品质 荞麦产量 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 07. 010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系项目（K3031224005）；陕西省现代种业振兴专项（K3031223130）；陕西省重点研发计划项目“优质 抗倒特色小杂粮新品种选育及栽培技术研究”（2025NC-YBXM-082） |
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| Effects of ripening growth regulators on ripening characteristics and quality of buckwheat |
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LI Shaofei, GE Jiahao, WANG Qi, CHEN Youxiu, LI Yaxin, DU Minlong, HAN Xiaoyi, GAO Jinfeng
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College of Agronomy，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to address the problem in mechanized harvesting of buckwheat in the northern Loess Plateau due to inconsistent seed maturity，to explore suitable ripening chemical control agents for mechanized harvesting of buckwheat in Northern Shaanxi.【Method】With equal-styled buckwheat va? riety Xinong D4103 as the experimental material，field experiments applying a randomized block design were con? ducted from 2023 to 2024. Distilled water treatment was adopted as the control（CK）. During the grain-filling period，hormone-based ripening chemical control agents，such as ethephon（ETH） and thidiazuron（TDZ），and herbicide-based ripening chemical control agents，such as diquat（DCK） and glyphosate（PMG），were sprayed on the leaves of buckwheat. The effects of different ripening chemical control agents on the maturity characteristics，seed quality，yield，and yield components of Xinong D4103 were analyzed.【Result】①The herbicide-based ripening chemical control agents DCK and PMG significantly affected the leaf abscission rate and organ water content of buckwheat. The lowest water content in Xinong D4103 was observed under DCK treatment，and the leaf abscission rate was significantly increased by 130. 48% after PMG treatment compared with the control. ② Ripening chemical control agents significantly affected the seed maturity and grain-filling rate of buckwheat.Compared with CK，TDZ treatment significantly increased the maximum grain-filling rate of Xinong D4103，extended the active grain-filling period，promoted seed filling，and effectively improved the maturity of buckwheat seeds，increased the proportion of mature seeds. ③Compared with CK，TDZ treatment increased the starch and protein content of Xinong D4103 and inhibited fat accumulation in buckwheat. Under DCK and PMG treat?ments，the content of soluble sugar，sucrose，and fat was significantly increased，while the content of flavonoids was significantly reduced. ④ Compared with CK，TDZ treatment of hormone-based ripening chemical control agent significantly increased the number of seeds per plant，the weight of seeds per plant，the thousand-seed weight，and the yield of Xinong D4103. However，the DCK and PMG treatments of herbicide-based ripening chemical control agents reduced the yield and yield components of buckwheat.【Conclusion】TDZ treatment ef?
fectively improved the seed maturity of Xinong D4103 and increased buckwheat yield. Upon comprehensive consideration，spraying 0.1% thidiazuron（TDZ） on leaves during the grain-filling period is beneficial for improving
the maturity characteristics of buckwheat，which can serve as an important basis for mechanized harvesting of buckwheat in the northern Loess Plateau. |
| Key words: buckwheat chemical ripening maturity characteristics buckwheat quality buckwheat yield |
