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| 恩施烟区昆虫多样性及优势捕食性天敌发生动态研究 |
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郑雪眉1, 夏鹏亮2, 王博1, 卢砚1, 梅建飞3, 孙加伟3, 张世泽1, 刘同先4, 冯毅1
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1.西北农林科技大学 植物保护学院 植保资源与病虫害治理教育部重点实验室／农业农村部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100;2.湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司，湖北 恩施 445000;3.贵州卓豪农业科技股份有限公司，贵州 遵义 563100;4.贵州大学 农学院，贵州 贵阳 550525
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】明确恩施烟田捕食性天敌昆虫种类及其发生动态，为烟草有害生物的绿色防控提供参考。 【方法】2019年1月至2021年7月，采用马来氏网对恩施烟田昆虫进行监测调查，并利用 Rényi多样性、相对丰富度、非 度量多维尺度分析（non-metric multidimensional scaling，NMDS）等方法，对捕食性天敌进行多样性和相似性分析，并 进一步分析了温度与捕食性天敌发生动态的关系。【 结果】2019年1月至2021年7月，在恩施烟田共捕获捕食性天敌4 092头，隶属于5目8科36属46种，其中优势类群为食蚜蝇科（Syrphidae）和瓢虫科（Coccinellidae），优势种为长翅细 腹蚜蝇（Sphaerophoria menthastri）、东方墨蚜蝇（Melanostoma orientale）、暗红小蚜蝇（Paragus haemorrhous）、龟纹瓢虫（Propylaea japonica）、盖端小瓢虫（Scymnus perdere）和异色瓢虫（Harmonia axyridis）；共捕获植食性害虫33 614头，包括半翅目（Hemiptera）叶蝉科（Cicadellidae）21 926头，异翅亚目植食性蝽类（Phytophagous Heteroptera）5 709头， 鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）昆虫4 695头，直翅目（Orthoptera）昆虫1 284头。研究发现，随着环境温度的升高，捕食性食蚜蝇 和瓢虫数量均显著增加。2020年捕食性食蚜蝇的物种多样性略高于2019年；2021年捕食性食蚜蝇的物种多样性在尺 度参数α值大于0.25时显著高于2019年和 2020 年，在α值小于0.25时最低。2020年捕食性食蚜蝇的物种组成与2021年基本相同，但均与2019年存在显著差异。捕食性瓢虫群落结构稳定，2019?2021年其物种多样性变化并不显 著；2020年其物种多样性高于2021年，2019年其物种多样性在α值小于1时高于其他年份，在α值大于1时急剧下降。 2019年捕食性瓢虫的物种组成最丰富，2020年和2021年较2019年有所缩减，但2020年与2021年的物种组成高度相 似。【 结论】恩施地区烟田优势天敌类群为食蚜蝇科和瓢虫科，环境温度对捕食性天敌的数量影响较大。其中2021年捕食性食蚜蝇的物种多样性最高，2019年其物种组成丰富度最高；捕食性瓢虫群落结构稳定，2019年其物种多样性 和物种组成丰富度均最高。 |
| 关键词: 烟田 捕食性天敌 昆虫多样性 湖北恩施 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.04.015 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目“天敌昆虫防控技术及产品研发”（2017YFD0201006）；西北农林科技大学推广联盟农业科学试验站项目（A2070021022）；中国烟草总公司科技项目（110202102040）；湖北省烟草公司科技项目（027Y2020-006）；西北
农林科技大学省级大学生创新创业计划项目（S202210712430） |
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| Insect diversity and occurrence dynamics of dominant predatory natural enemies in Enshi tobacco fields |
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ZHENG Xuemei1, XIA Pengliang2, WANG Bo1, LU Yan11, MEI Jianfei3, SUN Jiawei3, ZHANG Shize1, LIU Tongxian4, FENG Yi1
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1.Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education／Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，College of Plant Protection，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China;2.Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province，Enshi，Hubei 445000，China;3.Guizhou Zhuohao Agricultural Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Zunyi，Guizhou 563100，China;4.College of Agriculture，Guizhou University，Guiyang，Guizhou 550525，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study aims to elucidate the species composition and population dynamics of predatory natural enemies in Enshi tobacco fields to support the green control of tobacco pests.【Method】From January 2019 to July 2021，insects were monitored in Enshi tobacco fields using Malaise traps. The species diversity and community similarity of predatory insect functional groups were analyzed using the Rényi diversity method，relative abundance indices，non-metric ultidimensional scaling（ NMDS）. Additionally，the relationship between ambient temperature and the population dynamics of these groups was further explored.【Result】A total of 4 092 predatory natural enemies，belonging to 46 species，36 genera，8 families and 5 orders，were captured in Enshi tobacco fields from January 2019 to July 2021. The dominant families were Syrphidae and Coccinellidae，with dominant species including Sphaerophoria menthastri，Melanostoma orientale，Paragus haemorrhous，Propylaea japonica，Scymnus perdere，and Harmonia axyridis. A total of 33 614 herbivorous pests were recorded，comprising 21 926 Cicadellidae（ Hemiptera），5 709 Phytophagous Heteroptera suborder，4 695 Lepidoptera，and 1 284 Orthoptera. The study found that the populations of Syrphidae and Coccinellidae increased significantly with rising ambient temperatures. Syrphidae species diversity was slightly higher in 2020 than in
2019. In 2021，it significantly surpassed the diversity levels of both previous years when scale parameter α diversity values exceeded 0. 25，whereas it reached the lowest level among the three years when α values were below 0. 25. The species composition of Syrphidae in 2020 and 2021 remained basically identical，but both showed significant differences from the composition in 2019. The Coccinellidae community exhibited a stable structure，with no significant changes in species diversity observed from 2019 to 2021. Specifically，species diversity in 2020 was higher than that in 2021. When α diversity values were below 1，the species diversity in 2019 community was higher than that in the other two years，but it dropped sharply when α values exceeded 1. The species composition of Coccinellidae was the most abundant in 2019，and became reduced in 2020 and 2021. However，the compositions of the latter two years were highly similar to each other.【Conclusion】The dominant predatory natural enemy groups in Enshi tobacco fields are Syrphidae and Coccinellidae. Ambient temperature exerts a substantial influence on the abundance of predatory natural enemies. Among them，Syrphidae exhibited the highest species diversity in 2021，while their species composition richness was highest in 2019. Coccinellidae maintained stable community structure，achieving the highest species diversity and richness in 2019. |
| Key words: tobacco fields predatory natural enemies insect diversity Enshi,Hubei |
