| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】综合评价新疆吐哈（吐鲁番-哈密）地区葡萄品种资源的果实品质，为葡萄良种选育及资源综合利用提供科学依据。【 方法】以吐哈地区110份葡萄资源为研究对象，测定果实色泽、质地及营养成分等相关的20项品质指标，并结合相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析及隶属函数分析等方法，系统评估葡萄品种资源的综合品质。 【结果】110份葡萄品种资源的果实色泽差异明显，果皮L*值均值为29.07，果肉L*值均值为28.13，其变异系数分别为16.22%和29.90%；果实硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、弹性、黏聚性和回复性等6个果实质地指标的变异系数为5.52%~45.78%；各品种资源可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C（VC）含量分别为9.21%~21.74%，0.11%~0. 64%和13.33~292.50 g/kg；果实酚类物质变异系数从大到小依次为总花青素、单宁、总黄酮、总酚；果穗质量为124.54~1 220.12 g。葡萄果皮和果肉的a*、b*值与酚类物质含量呈显著或极显著负相关；果实硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性及果穗质量之间呈极显著正相关；可滴定酸含量与果实弹性、黏聚性、回复性呈极显著正相关，与总花青素含量呈显著正相关，而与果实硬度呈极显著负相关；果实总酚、总黄酮、单宁及总花青素含量之间呈极显著正相关。依据果实品质性状聚类分析结果表明，110份葡萄品种资源可划分为7个类群，各类群分别具有不同的品质特征；主成分分析共提取了6个主成分，累计方差贡献率达73.97%，并筛选出果实硬度、胶着性、总花青素含量、VC含量、回复性、可滴定酸含量、黏聚性和可溶性糖含量及果皮b*、果肉L*、果皮L*、果肉b*共12项关键性状作为葡萄资源评价的主要指标；葡萄资源果实综合评价得分（D）为0.207~0.721。【 结论】新疆吐哈地区110份葡萄品种资源的果实品质性状表现出丰富的遗传多样性，果实色泽、质地、营养等指标间存在显著相关性；果实硬度、胶着性、总花青素含量等可作为葡萄品种资源评价的主要指标；‘奥迪亚无核’、‘黑奇无核’、‘火州紫玉’、‘波发尔’以及‘克林巴马克（黄梢）’等可作为新疆吐哈地区葡萄品种改良的优先候选资源。 |
| 关键词: 葡萄 品种资源 果实品质 综合评价 新疆吐哈地区 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.04.012 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:科技部第三次新疆综合科学考察项目（2022xjkk1201）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B02045-1） |
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| Fruit quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation of grape cultivar resources in Turpan⁃Hami region of Xinjiang |
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WU Yuzhuo1, LIU Ai1, SUN Feng2, WU Guohong2, QIN Wei1,3, LIU Liqiang1, BALATI Maiwulanjiang1, ZHOU Weiquan1
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1.College of Horticulture，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052，China;2.Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，Shanshan，Xinjiang 838200，China;3.Xinjiang Hetian College，Hetian，Xinjiang 848000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The study aims to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of grape cultivar resources in Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang，to provide a scientific basis for the breeding of high-quality grape varieties and the comprehensive utilization of cultivar resources.【Method】110 grape cultivars from the TurpanHami region were adopted as research subject，and 20 quality indicators related to fruit color，texture，and nutritional content were measured. The correlation analysis，cluster analysis，principal component analysis（ PCA），and fuzzy set analysis were used to systematically evaluate the comprehensive quality of the grape cultivar resources.【Result】Significant difference was observed in fruit color of 110 grape cultivars. The mean L* value of the fruit peel was 29. 07，while that of the fruit flesh was 28. 13，with coefficients of variation（CV） being 16. 22% and 29. 90%，respectively. The coefficients of variation for the six fruit-texture parameters-hardness，chewiness，gumminess，springiness，cohesiveness，and resilience-ranged from 5. 52% to 45. 78%. The soluble sugar content of the 110 grape cultivars ranged from 9. 21 % to 21. 74 % ，the titratable acid content from 0. 11% to 0. 64%，and the vitamin C（VC） content from 13. 33?292. 50 g/kg. The CV for fruit phenolic substance ranked，in descending order，as follows：total anthocyanins，tannins，total flavonoids，and total phenols.The cluster weight ranged from 124. 54 to 1 220. 12 g. The a* and b* values of the grape fruit peel and pulp were significantly or highly significantly negatively correlated with the content of phenolic substances. Fruit hardness，chewiness，gumminess，and cluster weight were highly significantly positively correlated. The titratable acid content was highly significantly positively correlated with fruit springiness，cohesiveness，resilience，and significantly positively correlated with total anthocyanin content，but was highly significantly negatively correlated with fruit hardness. The contents of fruit total phenols，total flavonoids，tannins，and total anthocyanins were highly significantly positively correlated. According to the results of cluster analysis of fruit quality traits，110 grape cultivars could be divided into 7 groups，and each group showed different quality characteristics. Six principal components were determined in PCA，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73. 97%，and 12 key traits including fruit hardness，gumminess，total anthocyanin content，VC content，resilience，titratable acid content，cohesiveness，and soluble sugar content，fruit peel b*，fruit pulp L*，fruit peel L*，fruit pulp b* were selected as the main indicators for evaluating grape resources. The comprehensive quality score（D） of the grape resources ranged from
0. 207 to 0. 721.【Conclusion】The fruit quality traits of 110 grape cultivar resources in the Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang exhibit great genetic diversity，and there are significant correlations among indicators such as fruit color，texture，and nutrition. Fruit hardness，gumminess，total anthocyanin content，etc. could be selected as the main indicators for evaluating grape cultivar resources.‘Otilia seedless’，‘Heiqi seedless’，‘Huozhouziyu’，‘Bofaer’ and‘ Kelinbamake（ Huangshao）’ can be considered as priority candidate resources for grape variety improvement in the Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang. |
| Key words: grape cultivars resources fruit quality comprehensive evaluation Turpan-Hami region of Xin‐ jiang |
