| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选适宜黄河三角洲地区种植的高产优质小黑麦品种，并明确其收获的最佳刈割期，为小黑麦在黄河三角洲盐碱地高产、稳产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】选择中饲1048、优能、普瑞、麦丰和雷神5个小黑麦品种，在黄河三角洲盐碱地进行引种试验，设置抽穗期、扬花期和灌浆期3个刈割期，测定不同品种小黑麦在各个刈割期的农艺性状、生产性能和营养品质等指标，通过主成分分析法对5个小黑麦品种进行综合评价。【结果】中饲1048品种在各刈割期的株高均最高，其次为麦丰，雷神在扬花期和灌浆期仅次于麦丰。中饲1048品种的茎占比在各刈割期均较其他品种高，而叶占比、穗占比和叶茎比低于其他品种；雷神和麦丰的茎占比在各刈割期均较低，而叶占比、穗占比和叶茎比均较高。抽穗期中饲1048和雷神的干草产量较高，扬花期麦丰和优能的干草产量较高，灌浆期普瑞、雷神和麦丰的干草产量较高。灌浆期中饲1048品种的干物质含量显著高于其他品种，扬花期雷神的中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于中饲1048、优能和普瑞，但与麦丰无显著差异。主成分分析结果表明，抽穗期中饲1048表现较好，扬花期中饲1048、麦丰和雷神表现较好，灌浆期中饲1048、雷神、麦丰和普瑞表现较好。【结论】中饲1048在各刈害期表现均较好，雷神和麦丰在扬花期和灌浆期表现较好，这3种小黑麦均适宜在黄河三角洲地区推广种植。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱地 小黑麦 刈割期 生产性能 营养品质 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.03.011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:山东省农业科学院高层次人才引进项目“山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程”(CXGC2024F12)；国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)；山东省牛产业技术体系项目（SDAIT-9-10） |
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| Effects of different cutting period on the production performance of triticale in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta |
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GAO Run, WANG Guoliang, ZHANG Jinhong, WU Bo
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Institute of Leisure Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in East China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Ecological Horticultural Plant Breeding,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aims to screen high-yield and high-quality triticale varieties suitable for planting in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta region,and to clarify the optimal cutting stage for harvesting,to provide a theoretical basis for the high yield and stable yield of triticale in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta region.【Method】Five triticale varieties,namely Zhongsi 1048,Youneng,Purui,Maifeng,and Leishen,were selected for introduction experiments in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta.Three cutting stages were set,including heading,flowering and grain-filling stages,to determine the agronomic traits,production performance, and nutritional quality of different varieties of triticale at various cutting stages.Principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation of the five triticale.【Result】During all the cutting periods,the plant height of Zhongsi 1048 was the highest,followed by Maifeng,and Leishen ranked just below Maifeng during the flowering and grain-filling stages.The stem proportion of Zhongsi 1048 was higher than those of other varieties at all cutting stages,while the leaf proportion,ear proportion and leaf stem ratio were lower than those of other varieties.However,the stem proportion of Leishen and Maifeng were relatively low at all cutting stages,but the leaf proportion,ear proportion and leaf stem ratio were relatively high.During the heading stage,the hay yield of Zhongsi 1048 and Leishen were relatively high.During the flowering stage, the hay yield of Maifeng and Youneng were relatively high.During the grain-filling stage,the hay yield of Purui,Leishen and Maifeng were relatively high.The dry matter content of Zhongsi 1048 during the grain-filling stage was significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the neutral detergent fiber content of Leishen during the flowering stage was significantly higher than those of Zhongsi 1048,Youneng,and Purui, which,however,showed no significant difference compared to Maifeng.Principal component analysis showed that Zhongsi 1048 performed better during the heading stage,Zhongsi 1048,Maifeng,and Leishen performed better during the flowering stage,and Zhongsi 1048,Leishen,Maifeng and Purui performed better during the grain-filling stage.【Conclusion】Zhongsi 1048 showed better performance during the heading,flowering and grainfilling stages,and Leishen and Maifeng varieties showed better performance during the flowering and grain-filling stages,all of which are suitable for promotion of planting in saline-alkali of the Yellow River Delta region. |
| Key words: saline-alkali land triticale cutting period production performance nutritional quality |
