| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同改良物料缓解烤烟连作障碍的微生态机制，为烟草生产的可持续发展提供支持。【方法】以连作15年烟田为研究对象，设置CK（常规施肥，600 kg/hm2烟草专用复合肥+750 kg/hm2烟用商品有机肥）、T1（600 kg/hm2烟草专用复合肥+4 500 kg/hm2放线菌有机肥）、T2（600 kg/hm2烟草专用复合肥+4 500 kg/hm2木霉有机肥）、T3（600 kg/hm2烟草专用复合肥+750 kg/hm2烟用商品有机肥+4 500 kg/hm2生物炭）和T4（600 kg/hm2烟草专用复合肥+750 kg/hm2烟用商品有机肥+900 kg/hm2黄腐酸钾）5个施肥处理，每处理重复3次，共15个小区，小区面积106.67 m2。分别在烟草旺长期（移栽后60 d）和成熟期（移栽后90 d）采用五点取样法选取烟株，用抖根法收集根际土壤样品进行高通量测序，分析不同物料处理烟草旺长期和成熟期根际土壤细菌的种群特征及稳定性。【结果】烟草旺长期，T1处理烟草根际土壤细菌Ace指数、Chao1指数分别较CK处理显著提高26.69%和28.80%（P<0.05）；烟草成熟期，T1处理烟草根际土壤细菌Ace指数、Chao1指数和Shannon指数均显著高于其他处理，但Simpson指数最低。不同处理烟草根际土壤细菌种群结构相似，烟草成熟期，T1和T2处理烟草根际土壤酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）的相对丰度较CK处理分别显著增加了97.13%和83.59%，其他物料处理与CK差异显著。共现网络分析结果显示，与CK处理相比，T1、T2和T3处理具有更大更复杂的共线网络，且以T1处理平均路径最短，表明T1处理烟草根际土壤微生物共现网络信息传递速率最高、细菌种属之间联系最紧密。【结论】放线菌有机肥（T1处理）可改善长期连作烤烟根际土壤细菌群落结构，提高细菌优势种群丰富度，优化细菌网络凝聚性，适用于烤烟连作土壤的微生态修复。 |
| 关键词: 烟草 连作障碍 土壤修复 生物有机肥 细菌多样性 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.03.008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:四川省烟草公司科技项目“四川烟区降本增效烟用肥料研制及施肥体系优化与应用”(SCYC202303)；四川省烟草公司广元市公司项目“广元市土壤保育科技示范园区建设”(202051080024062) |
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| Effects of 4 materials on bacterial communities of tobacco rhizosphere soil in continuous cropping |
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JIANG Kunlian1, LUO Kaiwen1, HE Jixian2, CAI Yan1, LI Bin3, GU Huizhan2, ZHANG Qili2
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1.College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu，Sichuan 611130，China;2.Guangyuan City Company of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Guangyuan，Sichuan 628000，China;3.Sichuan Provincial Company of China National Tobacco Corporation,Chengdu，Sichuan 611130，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The aim of this study was to examine the microecological mechanism of different ameliorating materials in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco,to provide support for the sustainable development of tobacco production.【Method】 With 15-year continuous cropping tobacco field as the research object,five treatments were set:CK (conventional fertilization,600 kg/hm2 tobacco compound fertilizer+750 kg/hm2 tobacco commercial organic fertilizer),T1 (600 kg/hm2 tobacco compound fertilizer+4 500 kg/hm2 Actinomycete organic fertilizer),T2 (600 kg/hm2 tobacco compound fertilizer+4 500 kg/hm2 Trichoderma organic fertilizer),T3 (600 kg/hm2 tobacco compound fertilizer+750 kg/hm2 tobacco commercial organic fertilizer+4 500 kg/hm2 biochar) and T4 (600 kg/hm2 tobacco compound fertilizer+750 kg/hm2 tobacco commercial organic fertilizer+900 kg/hm2 potassium fulvic acid).Each treatment was repeated 3 times,with a total of 15 treatment areas and an area of 106.67 m2.Tobacco plants were selected by five-point sampling method during the vigorous growth stage (60 days after transplanting) and maturity stage (90 days after transplanting),and the rhizosphere soil samples were collected by root shaking method.High throughput sequencing was used to analyze the characteristics and stability of the rhizosphere soil bacterial population of flue-cured tobacco treated with different materials at the vigorous growth stage and maturity stage.【Result】During the vigorous growth stage of tobacco,compared to CK treatment,the Ace index and Chao1 index of tobacco rhizosphere soil bacteria in T1 treatment were significantly increased by 26.69% and 28.80%,respectively (P<0.05).During the tobacco maturity stage,the Ace index,Chao1 index,and Shannon index of tobacco rhizosphere soil bacteria in T1 treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments,but the Simpson index was the lowest.The bacterial population structure in tobacco rhizosphere soil under different treatments was generally similar.During tobacco maturity,compared to the CK treatment,the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota in tobacco rhizosphere soil under T1 and T2 treatments increased significantly by 97.13% and 83.59%,respectively,and other treatments also showed significant difference compared with CK.The results of co-occurrence network analysis showed that compared with CK treatment,T1,T2 and T3 treatments had larger and more complex collinear networks,with T1 treatment showing the shortest average path,indicating that T1 treatment had the highest information transmission rate and the closest connections between bacterial species in the tobacco rhizosphere soil co-occurrence network.【Conclusion】Actinomycete organic fertilizer (T1) can improve the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of long-term continuously cropped flue-cured tobacco,increase the richness of the dominant bacterial population,and optimize the cohesion of the bacterial network,which is suitable for microecological soil restoration with continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco. |
| Key words: tobacco continuous cropping disorders soil remediation bio-organic fertilizer bacterial diversity |
