| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同品种观赏海棠引种到河南郑州地区后的生长状况和开花性状，并进行观赏价值评价，以筛选出适宜当地广泛栽培的优良观花品种。【方法】选择5～6年树龄的25个观赏海棠品种，在郑州地区进行引种试验。通过比较不同海棠品种的株高、枝下高、一级分枝角度等判断树体生长势；观测春季萌芽和开花物候期，判断观赏海棠适应能力；观测花径、花型和花量，比较观赏海棠的花形态特征；采用RHSCC比色卡与色差仪结合的方法，分析观赏海棠在4个开花时期的花色变化；基于层次分析法，采用花期、开花始期、花色、花量、花型、株高、树形和生长势共8个评价因子，对25种观赏海棠进行引种适应性和观赏价值评价。【结果】25个观赏海棠品种引种后能够在郑州地区正常生长，除‘鲁道夫’生长势较差外，其余品种均生长良好。品种间物候期差异较大，除‘金色雨点’引种后2年内没有开花、‘主教’和‘玫瑰柱’引种第1年（2022年）未开花外，其余品种均正常开花。根据开花始期可将观赏海棠分为7个早花品种、12个中花品种和5个晚花品种，观赏海棠均能在3月底到4月中旬进入开花盛期，引种第2年（2023年）花期比第1年长3～5 d，最长花期可达23 d。多数观赏海棠为单瓣花，仅‘白兰地’和‘科里’为重瓣花；开花初期花色可分为红色系、粉色系和白色系，但随着开花时期的推进花色逐渐变浅。通过层次分析法对观赏海棠引种适应性和观赏价值进行综合评价，‘塞尔科’等4种观赏海棠综合评分大于4，确定其等级为Ⅰ级。【结论】‘塞尔科’、‘高峰’、‘皇家美人’和‘多花’的生长势旺盛，观赏价值高，且对郑州地区的环境适应性好，可作为该地区主要观赏海棠品种推广栽培。 |
| 关键词: 观赏海棠 引种试验 物候期 观赏特性 适应性 层次分析法 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.03.003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:河南农业大学、西平县校地合作项目“海棠资源调查研究”（30801928）；河南农业大学观赏海棠省级林木种质资源建设项目（30603268） |
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| Introduction adaptability and ornamental value evaluation of 25 ornamental crabapple varieties |
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REN Puyu1, ZHANG Yanwen1, HU Yifei2, WU Xiaojun2, LI Fei1, LIU Weichao1, ZHANG Kaiming1
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1.College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;2.Xiping County Forestry Development Service Center,Zhumadian,Henan 463900,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to study the growth status and flowering characteristics of different varieties of ornamental crabapple introduced to Zhengzhou,Henan province,and evaluate their ornamental value,to screen out excellent flowering varieties suitable for widespread cultivation locally.【Method】25 varieties of ornamental crabapple trees at the age of 5 to 6 years were selected for introduction trials in the Zhengzhou area.The growth potential of different crabapple varieties was determined by comparing data such as plant height,branch height and primary branch angle.The adaptability of the ornamental crabapple was judged by observing the spring germination and flowering phenology.The flower morphology characteristics of ornamental crabapple were compared by observing the flower diameter,flower shape and flower quantity.The color change of the flowers during the four flowering periods of the ornamental crabapple was analyzed by the RHSCC color comparison card combined with a colorimeter.Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process,eight evaluation factors including flowering period,initial flowering stage,flower color,flower quantity,flower shape,plant height,tree form,and growth vigor were used to evaluate the introduction adaptability and ornamental value of 25 ornamental crabapples.【Result】25 varieties of ornamental crabapple were able to grow normally in the Zhengzhou area after introduction.Except for Malus ‘Rudolph’,which had poor growth potential,the rest of the varieties showed great growth condition.There were significant differences in the phenological phases among varieties.Except for Malus ‘Golden Raindrop’,which did not flower in the two years after introduction,and Malus ‘Cardinal’ and Malus ‘Velvet Pillar’,which did not flower in the first year (2022),the rest of the varieties flowered normally.Based on the early flowering stage,the ornamental crabapple varieties could be divided into three groups:early-flowering group (7 varieties),mid-flowering group (12 varieties) and late-flowering group (5 varieties).All the ornamental crabapple entered the peak flowering period from the end of March to the middle of April,and the flowering period in the second year after introduction (2023) was 3 to 5 days longer than that in the first year,with the longest flowering period reaching 23 days.Most of the ornamental crabapple varieties were single flower,and only Malus ‘Brandy wine’ and Malus ‘Corey’ were double flowers.The flower colors in early flowering stage included red,pink and white lines,which gradually became lighter as the flowering period progressed.Through the AHP,the introduction adaptability and ornamental value of the ornamental crabapple were comprehensively evaluated,and Malus ‘Selkirk’ and 3 other ornamental crabapple varieties had a comprehensive score greater than 4,and their grade was determined as level Ⅰ.【Conclusion】Malus ‘Selkirk’,Malus ‘Evereste’,Malus ‘Royal Beauty’,and Malus ‘Floribunda’ have vigorous growth,high ornamental value,and good adaptability to the environment of the Zhengzhou area,which can be promoted and cultivated as the main ornamental crabapple varieties in this area. |
| Key words: ornamental crabapple introduction trial phenology ornamental characteristics adaptability hierarchical analysis |
