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码上扫一扫！ |
| 旱季补水施肥对轻木生长和叶片生理特征的影响 |
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陈刚1,2, 赵志娟3,2, 李志琪3,2, 段贵河3,2, 文程敬3,2, 杜官本4, 刘友军5, 吴俊文3,2
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1.西南林业大学 林学院;2.云南 昆明 650224;3.西南林业大学 林学院;4.西南林业大学 材料与化工学院，云南 昆明 650224;5.勐腊县勐醒农场有限责任公司，云南 勐腊 666303
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究旱季补水施肥对轻木生长和叶片生理的影响，为提高旱季轻木人工林的生产力提供参考。【方法】2022年11月到2023年4月，以云南省西双版纳勐腊县勐醒农场的1年生轻木为研究对象，在旱季设置无水无肥（CK）、有水无肥（W）、无水有肥（F）、有水有肥（WF）共4个处理，其中施肥是在试验前期（2022年12月）和中期（2023年2月）分2次共施加复合肥500 g/株，每次250 g/株；旱季补水是在2022年11月至次年4月每周进行1次滴灌，每次补水总量1 000 L。每个处理30株轻木，进行3次重复，共计360株轻木。于2023年4月底旱季结束后从各标准地选择9株轻木标准木，测量3个重复，共计27株轻木的树高、胸径及其叶片光合、生理指标，分析旱季补水施肥对轻木生长的影响。【结果】①W和WF处理轻木树高较CK处理显著增加了10.84%和14.67%，胸径显著增加了25.19%和35.26%。②WF处理轻木叶片叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、最大荧光（Fm）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）均较CK、W和F处理显著增加，而CK、W和F处理间无显著差异。③WF处理轻木叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）较CK处理分别显著增加了51.98%，77.40%和77.34%，较W处理增加了20.57%，30.74%和30.82%，旱季补水施肥显著增强了轻木光合作用。④F处理轻木叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量较CK处理分别显著增加了16.09%，20.41%和15.58%，W处理叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）、SOD、CAT活性和MDA、可溶性蛋白（SP）含量较CK处理分别显著减少了23.75%，18.74%，26.47%，35.61%和31.81%，表明受旱季干旱的影响，无水有肥处理会加剧轻木的干旱限制。⑤在F处理下，轻木叶片淀粉含量较CK显著下降了25.59%，叶片可溶性糖/淀粉值较CK显著增加了37.80%。⑥综合评价分析表明，4个处理对轻木生长和叶片生理特征影响的优劣排名为：WF>W>CK>F。【结论】旱季补水施肥对轻木树高和胸径增长的促进效果最佳，其通过增加轻木叶片叶绿素含量，增强叶片的光合能力，同时降低叶片酶活性，以有效缓解季节性干旱对轻木人工林生长的限制，但旱季仅施肥不补水会加剧干旱对轻木生长的影响。 |
| 关键词: 轻木 旱季干旱限制 补水施肥 光合特性 生理特征 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.01.011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32071688) |
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| Effect of water supplement and fertilization in dry season on growth and leaf physiological characteristics of Ochroma lagopus |
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CHEN Gang,ZHAO Zhijuan,LI Zhiqi,DUAN Guihe,WEN Chengjing,DU Guanben,LIU Youjun,WU Junwen
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1.College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224，China;2.College of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224，China;3.Mengla County Mengxing Farm Liability Co.Ltd..Mengla,Yunnan 666303,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aims to study the effects of rehydration and fertiliser application in dry season on the growth and leaf physiology of Ochroma lagopus,in order to provide a reference for improving the productivity of O.lagopus plantation forests in dry season.【Method】From November 2022 to April 2023,the annual O.lagopus of Mengxing Farm in Mengla County,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province was taken as the research object.Four treatments were set up in the dry season:no water and no fertilizer (CK),water application without fertilizer (W),fertilizer application without water (F),and water and fertilizer application (WF).Fertilizer was applied in the early stage of the experiment (Dec.2022) and the middle stage (Feb.2023).A total of 500 g/plant of compound fertilizer was applied twice,250 g/plant each time.Drip irrigation was conducted weekly (1 000 L per session) during the dry season from November 2022 to April 2023.In late April of 2023,following the dry season,nine sample trees of O.lagopus were selected from each sample plot.Height,diameter at breast height (DBH),and foliar photosynthetic/physiological parameters of 27 trees in three replicates were measured to evaluate the effects of dryseason supp lemental irrigation and fertilization on O.lagopus growth.【Result】① O.lagopus tree height significantly increased by 10.84% and 14.67% and DBH significantly increased by 25.19% and 35.26% under W and WF treatments compared to CK treatment.② The contents of chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a+b,maximum fluorescence (Fm) and maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) in the leaves of O.lagopus under WF treatment were significantly higher than those of CK,W and F treatments,but there was no significant difference among CK,W and F treatments.③ Compared with CK treatment,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs)and transpiration rate (Tr) of O.lagopus leaves in WF treatment significantly increased by 51.98%,77.40% and 77.34%,respectively,and compared with W treatment,increased by 20.57%,30.74% and 30.82%,respectively.Supplemental irrigation and fertilization in dry season significantly enhanced the photosynthesis of O.lagopus.④ The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in O.lagopus leaves under the F treatment were significantly increased by 16.09%,20.41%,and 15.58%,respectively,compared to the CK treatment.In contrast,under the W treatment,the activities of peroxidase (POD),SOD,and CAT,along with the contents of MDA and soluble protein (SP),were significantly decreased by 23.75%,18.74%,26.47%,35.61%,31.81% compared to the CK treatment.These results suggested that under drought conditions during the dry season,fertilization without water supply aggravates drought stress in O.lagopus.⑤ Under F treatment,the starch content in the leaves of O.lagopus decreased significantly by 25.59% compared with CK,and the soluble sugar/starch value in the leaves increased significantly by 37.80% compared with CK.⑥ The comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that the effects of four treatments on the growth and leaf physiological characteristics of O.lagopus were ranked as follows:WF>W>CK>F.【Conclusion】In the dry season,the effect of water supplement and fertilization treatment on promoting the growth of tree height and DBH of O.lagopus is the best.It could effectively alleviate the limitation of seasonal drought on the growth of O.lagopus plantation by increasing the chlorophyll content of O.lagopus leaves,enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves,and reducing the enzyme activity of leaves.However,only fertilization without water supplement in the dry season would aggravate the negative effect of drought on the growth of O.lagopus. |
| Key words: Ochroma lagopus dry season drought limit water supplement and fertilization photosynthetic properties physiological characteristic |
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