| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索秸秆还田配施化肥对巢湖周边农田N、P流失的影响，为解决巢湖面源污染问题和合理利用秸秆资源提供数据支撑。【方法】2019年12月－2022年5月在安徽巢湖市烔炀镇西宋村开展大田间试验，以“秦优十号”油菜品种为对象，设置无秸秆+无施肥 (CK)、常规施肥 (F)、秸秆还田+常规施肥 (T1)、秸秆还田+80％常规施肥 (T2) 4个处理，分析油菜生长季自然降雨条件下不同处理农田地表径流量、氮磷质量浓度和化学需氧量(COD)以及氮磷流失量的变化，并测定油菜收获时不同处理的土壤养分（有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷、碱解氮）含量和pH以及油菜产量，分析油菜产量与土壤养分含量和pH间的相关性。【结果】2019－2022年T1和T2处理农田地表总径流量较CK和F处理明显减少。2019－2022年，在油菜生长季，随着时间的推移，不同处理油菜田径流中总氮(TN)、NH+4-N、NO-3-N、总磷(TP)和可溶性总磷(TDP)质量浓度以及COD有明显差异。与CK和F处理相比，T1、T2处理径流中的TN、NH+4-N、NO-3-N质量浓度均明显降低。与CK相比，F和T1、T2处理径流中的TP、TDP质量浓度和COD平均值均明显增加；与F处理相比，T1处理TP、TDP质量浓度和COD平均值明显增加，T2处理以上指标总体变化不显著。与F处理相比，T1和T2处理油菜田径流中的TN、NH+4-N、NO-3-N、TP、TDP流失量总体均降低，其中T2处理以上指标的降低幅度总体高于T1处理。与F处理相比，T1、T2处理增加了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷、碱解氮含量和pH及油菜产量，其中T1处理油菜产量显著高于F和T2处理，F与T2处理油菜产量差异不显著。相关性分析结果表明，油菜产量与有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷、碱解氮均呈极显著正相关，与pH呈极显著负相关。【结论】在不减少油菜产量的情况下，秸秆还田+80%常规施肥模式可以提高土壤养分含量，降低农田氮磷流失的风险，将该模式在巢湖地区进行推广，可以缓解该地区面源污染的问题。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆还田；农田径流；氮磷流失；土壤养分 化学需氧量；巢湖地区 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.12.011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:安徽省教育厅自然科学重点项目(2022AH050911)；国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1702103)；国家“十三五”重大专项(2017ZX07603-02-02) |
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| Effects of straw returning and fertilizer application on soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in rapeseed season |
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SU Hu, WU Zhiqiang, ZHANG Kexin, ZHANG Yan, XIA Xucong, CAI Ying, LIANG Hongxu, HU Hongxiang
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Effects of straw returning and fertilizer application on soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in rapeseed season
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the impact of straw incorporation combined with chemical fertilizer application on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from farmland around Chaohu Lake,to provide data support for addressing non-point source pollution in Chaohu Lake and rational utilization of straw resources.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Xisong Village,Tongyang Town,Chaohu City of Anhui,spanning from December 2019 to May 2022.The oilseed rape variety named ‘Qinyou 10’ was used as the test subject.Four treatment groups were established:no straw and no fertilization (CK),no straw and conventional fertilization (F),straw incorporation combined with conventional fertilization (T1),and straw incorporation combined with 80% of conventional fertilization (T2).Changes in surface runoff volume,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,chemical oxygen demand (COD),and nitrogen and phosphorus losses under natural rainfall conditions during the oilseed rape growing season were analyzed for the different treatment groups.At harvest,soil nutrient content (including organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and Alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen),pH,and oilseed rape yield were measured.Correlation analysis was also conducted between oilseed rape yield and soil nutrient content,as well as oilseed rape yield and pH.【Result】The total surface runoff volume of T1 and T2 treatments from 2019 to 2022 was significantly reduced compared to the CK and F treatments.During the oilseed rape growing season from 2019 to 2022,significant differences were observed in the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN),NH+4-N,NO-3-N,total phosphorus (TP),soluble total phosphorus (TDP),and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in runoff from different treatments as time passed.Compared to the CK and F treatments,the concentrations of TN,NH+4-N,and NO-3-N in runoff of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly reduced.Compared to the CK treatment,the average concentrations of TP,TDP,and COD in runoff of F,T1,and T2 treatments were significantly increased.(1)Compared to the F treatment,the average concentrations of TP,TDP,and COD in runoff of T1 treatment were significantly increased,while no significant difference for these indicators of T2 treatment was observed.(2) Compared to the F treatment,the overall losses of TN,NH+4-N,NO-3-N,TP,and TDP in runoff from oilseed rape fields of T1 and T2 treatments were reduced,with the reduction level in the T2 treatment generally being generally higher than that in the T1 treatment. (3) Compared to the F treatment,the T1 and T2 treatments increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,pH,and oilseed rape yield.Specifically,the oilseed rape yield in the T1 treatment was significantly higher than that in the F and T2 treatments,and no significant difference was observed in oilseed rape yield between F and T2 treatments.Correlation analysis results showed that oilseed rape yield was extremely significant positively correlated with organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and alkali-hydroly-sable nitrogen,and was extremely significant negatively correlated with pH.【Conclusion】The straw incorporation combined with 80% of conventional fertilization mode can increase soil nutrient content and reduce the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in farmland,without oilseed rape yield reduction.Promoting this practice in the Chaohu Lake region can help alleviate the issue of non-point source pollution in the area. |
| Key words: straw incorporation farmland runoff nitrogen and phosphorus loss soil nutrient chemical oxygen demand Chaohu Lake area |
