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码上扫一扫！ |
| 不同添加剂对天然富硒区镉污染土壤玉米幼苗硒与镉吸收的影响 |
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张浩楠1, 谢代明2, 赵国康3, 王钊1, 贾汉忠1, 吕家珑1, 代允超1
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1.西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院，农业农村部 西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西 杨凌712100;2.汉滨区牛蹄镇农业综合服务站，陕西 安康 725021;3.安康市农业技术推广中心，陕西 安康 725000
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同添加剂对天然富硒（Se）区镉（Cd）污染土壤硒、镉有效性以及玉米生长和地上部硒、镉含量的影响，旨在为天然富硒区镉污染耕地的安全利用提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米正大12号为供试品种，选用凹凸棒土、硅肥、表面活性剂（鼠李糖脂与皂素）作为添加剂，采用盆栽试验，共设置空白对照（CK）、添加1%凹凸棒土（A1）、添加3%凹凸棒土（A2）、添加5%凹凸棒土（A3）、叶面喷施400 mL 1.6 g/L硅肥（B）、添加200 mL 20 g/L鼠李糖脂（C1）、添加200 mL 20 g/L皂素（C2）、3%凹凸棒土+200 mL 20 g/L鼠李糖脂+叶面喷施400 mL 1.6 g/L硅肥（D1）、3%凹凸棒土+200 mL 20 g/L皂素+叶面喷施400 mL 1.6 g/L硅肥（D2）9个处理，分析不同处理对土壤pH、阳离子交换量（CEC）、全Cd、有效态Cd、有效态Se含量以及玉米生长和地上部Cd、Se含量的影响。【结果】与CK相比， A2、B、D1、D2处理均显著提高了玉米株高，增加了玉米根长。除了B处理，其余添加剂处理土壤pH较CK显著提高。与CK相比，A1、B、C1、C2处理土壤CEC无显著变化，而A2、A3、D1、D2处理土壤CEC分别显著提高了20.67%，27.18%，23.30%和26.16%。各处理土壤全Cd含量无显著差异。与CK相比，除了B处理，其余添加剂处理土壤有效态Cd含量均显著降低，其中A3、D1、D2处理降幅较大。A2、A3、D1、D2处理玉米地上部Cd含量与CK相比均显著降低，其中A3、D1、D2处理降幅最大，分别为31.20%，31.47%，30.25%。各处理对土壤有效态Se以及玉米地上部Se含量无显著影响。【结论】不同添加剂对天然富Se区Cd污染土壤Cd有效性以及玉米生长和地上部Cd含量有明显的影响，其中3%凹凸棒土与表面活性剂（鼠李糖脂或皂素）和硅肥联合施用能有效降低土壤有效态Cd及玉米地上部Cd含量，促进玉米生长。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 天然富硒区；镉污染土壤；添加剂 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.12.008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2024NC-ZDCYL-02-14）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1700102）；陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目（2024NYGG011）；陕西省公益性地质调查项目（201908） |
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| Effects of different additives on selenium and cadmium absorption of maize seedlings in cadmium-polluted soil in naturally selenium-rich area |
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ZHANG Haonan1, XIE Daiming2, ZHAO Guokang3, WANG Zhao1, JIA Hanzhong1, LÜ Jialong1, DAI Yunchao1
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1.College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agrienvironment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;2.Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station,Niuti Town,Hanbin District,Ankang,Shaanxi 725021,China;3.Ankang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Ankang,Shaanxi 725000,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the impact of various additives on the bioavailability of selenium and cadmium in cadmium-contaminated soil,the growth of corn,and the accumulation of selenium and cadmium in the above-ground part of corn in naturally selenium-rich regions,to provide a theoretical foundation for safe utilization of cadmium-contaminated farmland in selenium-rich areas.【Method】With corn Zhengda No.12 as the test variety,attapulgite,silicon fertilizer,surfactant (rhamnolipid and saponin) were used as additives, potted plants test were adopted and nine treatments were set up:blank control (CK),adding 1% attapulgite (A1),adding 3% attapulgite (A2),adding 5% attapulgite (A3),spraying 400 mL 1.6 g/L silicon fertilizer on the leaf surface (B),adding 200 ml 20 g/L rhamnolipid (C1),adding 200 ml 20 g/L saponin (C2),3% attapulgite+200 ml 20 g/L rhamnolipid+spraying 400 mL 1.6 g/L silicon fertilizer on the leaf surface ( D1), adding 3% attapulgite +200 ml 20 g/L saponin+spraying 400 mL 1.6 g/L silicon fertilizer on the leaf surface(D2),to analyze the effect of different treatment on soil pH,cation exchange capacity (CEC),total Cd,available Cd,available Se contents,corn growth and the Cd and Se content of the above-ground part of corn.【Result】Compared to CK,treatments A2,B,D1,and D2 significantly increased corn plant height and root length.Except treatment B,the soil pH in all other additive-treated groups was significantly higher than that of CK.Compared to CK,soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) did not change significantly under treatments A1,B,C1,and C2,while it increased significantly by 20.67%,27.18%,23.30%,and 26.16% under treatments A2,A3,D1,and D2,respectively.No significant difference was observed in total cadmium (Cd) content across all treatments.Compared to CK,except treatment B,the effective Cd content in all other additive-treated groups decreased significantly,with the relatively larger reductions observed in treatments A3,D1,and D2.The Cd content in the above-ground part of the corn also decreased significantly under treatments A2,A3,D1,and D2,with the maximum reductions observed in treatments A3 (31.20%),D1 (31.47%),and D2 (30.25%).None of the treatments showed significant effect on soil available selenium (Se) or Se content in the above-ground part of the corn.【Conclusion】Different additives exerted significant effects on the availability of cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soil,corn growth,and Cd accumulation in the above-ground part of corn in naturally selenium-rich regions.The combined application of 3% attapulgite with surfactants (rhamnolipids or saponin) and silicon fertilizer effectively reduced both soil available Cd content and Cd concentration in the above-ground part of corn,which can promote corn growth. |
| Key words: corn natural selenium rich area cadmium pollution soil additive |
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