| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确高温胁迫对茶树短穗扦插繁育的影响，为山东茶区茶树短穗扦插繁育提供参考。【方法】以“中茶 108”为短穗扦插材料，分别在25，30和35 ℃下培养，于培养1，3，5，7和9 d时，观测不同温度处理下插穗形态表征的变化，统计插穗的损伤率和死亡率，并分析对插穗叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、O-·2产生速率、抗氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量的影响；在培养3和7 d时观察插穗叶片叶绿体超微结构变化。【结果】25 ℃处理茶树插穗几乎未受损伤，死亡率为0；30 ℃处理7 d插穗开始受损死亡，9 d时死亡率为35.7%；35 ℃处理5 d插穗开始受损，7 d开始死亡，9 d时死亡率为64.3%。25 ℃处理茶树插穗叶片叶绿体形态饱满规则；30和35 ℃处理随着时间延长，叶绿体结构受到不同程度损伤。茶树插穗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量在25 ℃处理期间波动较小，在30和35 ℃处理下随高温胁迫时间延长逐渐降低。25 ℃下茶树插穗叶片叶绿素荧光最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、单位活性反应中心吸收的能量(ABS/RC)、单位活性反应中心捕获的用于还原初级醌受体（QA）的能量(TR0/RC)、单位活性反应中心捕获的用于传递的电子能量(ET0/RC)、单位活性反应中心耗散的能量(DI0/RC)以及基于ABS的PSⅡ功能活性指数(PIABS)在处理期间基本保持稳定，30和35 ℃处理插穗叶片的Fv/Fm和PIABS随处理时间延长而降低，ABS/RC、TR0/RC和DI0/RC随处理时间延长明显增加，ET0/RC在处理后期开始低于25 ℃处理。3个温度处理下，茶树插穗叶片O-·2产生速率均随着处理时间的延长不断上升。25 ℃处理茶树插穗叶片的POD活性在处理期间呈上升趋势，30和35 ℃处理均呈先下降后上升的趋势；3个温度处理插穗叶片的APX和CAT活性在处理期间均呈先上升后下降的趋势。3个温度处理插穗叶片的脯氨酸含量均随处理时间延长而上升，其中35 ℃处理脯氨酸含量增幅最大。【结论】高温胁迫会对茶树插穗扦插成活率和生理特性造成严重影响，在茶树短穗扦插繁育过程中，育苗棚内温度应避免超过30 ℃，高于30 ℃时需及时通风降温。 |
| 关键词: 茶树 短穗扦插 高温胁迫 生理特性 死亡率 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.10.005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-19）；山东省现代农业产业技术体系育种与栽培岗位资金资助项目（SDAIT-03）；日照市优势茶树种质资源提纯利用与产业化开发项目（2021ZDYF010124） |
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| Effect of high temperature stress on short spike cuttingpropagation of tea tree |
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WANG Kunpeng1, ZHANG Mingjie2, SONG Dapeng1, ZHOU Chao1, LI Hui1, WANG Liyan3, XU Yongyu2, DING Shibo1
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1.Rizhao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Rizhao,Shandong 276800,China;2.College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;3.Rizhao Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Rizhao,Shandong 276800,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to clarify the impact of high temperature stress on short cut propagation of tea trees,and provide reference for short cut propagation of tea trees in Shandong tea areas.【Method】“Zhongcha 108”,the short cut material, was cultured at 25,30,and 35 ℃.At day 1,3,5,7,and 9 of cultivation,the morphological characteristics of the cuttings were observed under different temperature treatments,and the damage and mortality rates of the cuttings were calculated.The effects on the photosynthetic pigment content,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,O-·2 production rate,antioxidant enzyme activity,and proline content of the cuttings were analyzed.The ultrastructural changes of chloroplasts in the leaves of cuttings at day 3 and 7 of cultivation were observed.【Result】Tea tree cuttings treated at 25 ℃ were almost undamaged,with a mortality rate of 0.After 7 days of treatment at 30 ℃,the cuttings were damaged and died,with a mortality rate of 35.7% at day 9.After 5 days of treatment at 35 ℃,the cuttings were initially damaged and died at day 7 with a mortality rate of 64.3% at day 9.The chloroplast morphology of tea tree cuttings treated at 25 ℃ was plump and regular.The chloroplast structure was damaged to varying degrees with the extension of treatment time at 30 and 35 ℃.The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids,and total chlorophyll in tea tree cuttings showed minimal fluctuations under 25 ℃ treatment,but gradually decreased with the extension of high temperature stress treatment time at 30 and 35 ℃.The maximum photochemical efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm),energy absorbed by unit active reaction centers (ABS/RC),energy captured by unit active reaction centers for reducing primary quinone receptors (QA) (TR0/RC),electron energy captured by unit active reaction centers for transfer (ET0/RC),energy dissipated by unit active reaction centers (DI0/RC),and PSⅡ functional activity index based on ABS remained stable during treatment at 25 ℃.The Fv/Fm and PIABS of tea cuttings leaves treated at 30 and 35 ℃ decreased with the extension of treatment time,while ABS/RC,TR0/RC,and DI0/RC increased significantly with the extension of treatment time.ET0/RC remained stable initially and became lower than that at 25 ℃ in the later stage.Under three temperature treatments,the rate of O-·2 production in tea tree cuttings increased continuously with the extension of treatment time.The POD activity of tea tree cuttings treated at 25 ℃ showed an increasing trend during the treatment period,while those at 30 and 35 ℃ both decreased initially and then decreased.The APX and CAT activities of tea tree cuttings of the three temperature treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the treatment period.The proline content of tea tree cuttings of the three temperature treatments increased with the extension of treatment time,with 35 ℃ treatment showing the highest increase in proline content.【Conclusion】High temperature stress has a serious impact on the mortality rate and physiological characteristics of tea cuttings.In the process of short cut propagation of tea trees,the temperature inside the seedling shed should be kept lower than 30 ℃.When it exceeds 30 ℃,timely ventilation and cooling should be carried out. |
| Key words: tea tree short spike cuttings high temperature stress physiological characteristics mortality rate |
