| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究添加水稻土和砖红壤对牛粪秸秆混合堆肥过程中氮代谢特征、微生物群落演替以及关键基因富集的影响，为减少堆肥过程中的氮损失提供科学依据。【方法】将牛粪与秸秆按干质量6∶4混合，设置对照组（CK组，不加土）及添加堆肥体干质量10%水稻土（PS）和10%砖红壤（LS）的2个处理组，堆肥开始后分别于第1，3，7，14，21，28和35天取样，利用元素分析仪测定堆肥体的总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）含量，用全自动分析仪测定堆肥体的氨态氮（NH+4-N）、硝态氮（NO-3-N）含量并使用土壤DNA试剂盒提取堆肥样品的DNA，通过高通量测序技术分析堆肥体的微生物群落结构。【结果】添加矿质土壤能有效减少氮损失，且以LS组效果最明显。堆肥结束后，除硝态氮外，PS和LS组氨态氮和总氮含量分别较对照组提高5.90%，6.88%和2.94%，11.20%，N2O含量分别较对照组降低7.75%和11.30%。与CK组相比，PS和LS组Chao指数和Shannon指数显著提高，其中棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）、索氏梭菌属（Paeniclostridium）、罗姆布茨菌属（Romboutsia）和norank_SBR1031等细菌属在LS组中的相对丰度显著增加，嗜热真菌属（Thermomyces）和毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）等真菌属在PS和LS组中的相对丰度均显著增加。此外，PS和LS的添加还可以通过增强氨基酸代谢增加固氮基因nifH、nifK和nifD的相对丰度，以及减少反硝化基因nirS和nirK的相对丰度而有效减少氮损失。【结论】添加水稻土和砖红壤可以增强牛粪秸秆混合堆肥过程中的固氮作用，并通过抑制反硝化基因的富集减少氮损失，为堆肥过程中的氮管理提供了新策略。 |
| 关键词: 堆肥 牛粪与秸秆 水稻土 砖红壤 微生物群落 氮代谢 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.09.015 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省高层次人才引进计划青年项目(A279021901) |
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| Effect of the addition of paddy soil and latosol soil on nitrogen loss during aerobic composting of cow manure and straw |
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LIU Tairan1, YAN Ruixiao2, YANG Xinya3, YAO Yiqing4,5
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1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering，Northwest A&F University,Yangling，Shaanxi 712100,China;2.College of Natural Resources and Environment，Northwest A&F University,Yangling，Shaanxi 712100,China;3.College of Life Sciences，Northwest A&F University,Yangling，Shaanxi 712100,China;4.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;5.Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling，Shaanxi 712100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to reduce the nitrogen loss in the composting process,the effects of the addition of paddy soil (PS) and latosol soil (LS) on nitrogen metabolism characteristics,microbial community succession,and enrichment of key genes during mixed aerobic composting of cow manure and straw were investigated in this study.【Method】Cow dung was mixed with straw at a dry mass ratio of 6∶4 and a control group (CK group,no soil added) and 2 treatment groups of adding 10% paddy soil (PS) and brick red soil (LS) respectively to the dry mass of the compost body were set up.Samples were taken on 1,3,7,14,21,28 and 35 days after the starting of composting,respectively.The elemental analyzer was used to determine the content of total carbon and total nitrogen during composting,the flow analyzer was used to determine the content of ammonia nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen.A E.Z.N.A. Soil DNA Kit was used to extract the total DNA of compost microorganisms,and its functional microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】The addition of soil significantly reduced nitrogen loss,with the highest efficiency observed in the LS group.At the end of composting,except nitrate nitrogen,the content of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was increased by 5.90% and 6.88% in PS group compared to CK,and increased by 2.94% and 11.20% in LS group compared to CK.The N2O content in the PS and LS groups was 7.75% and 11.30% lower than that of the CK group,respectively.Compared to CK,the Chao and Shannon indices in the PS and LS groups were significantly increased.The relative abundance of bacterial genera such as Corynebacterium,Paeniclostridium,Romboutsia,and norank_SBR1031 was significantly increased in the LS group.The relative abundance of fungal genera such as Thermomyces and Chaetomium was significantly increased in the PS and LS groups.Furthermore,the addition of PS and LS could effectively reduce nitrogen loss by enhancing amino acid metabolic,increasing the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing genes nifH,nifK and nifD,and decreasing the relative abundance of denitrification genes nirS and nirK.【Conclusion】The addition of PS and LS can effectively reduce nitrogen loss by enhancing nitrogen fixation and inhibiting the enrichment of denitrification genes during mixed aerobic composting of cow manure and straw.This study provides a new strategy for reducing nitrogen loss during composting. |
| Key words: composting cow manure and straw paddy soil latosol soil microbial community nitrogen metabolic |
