| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同灌水定额处理下地下滴灌核桃生长状况随有效积温的动态变化及其模型特征参数，阐明核桃各生长指标在其发育关键期最为合适的灌水定额。【方法】于2023年3-9月在新疆阿克苏地区对树龄15年的“温185”核桃进行灌水定额大田试验，设置75% ETc（ETc为作物蒸发蒸腾量，W1）、100% ETc（W2）、125% ETc（W3）和150% ETc（W4）4种灌水定额处理，测定不同灌水定额下核桃的新梢生长量、叶面积指数（LAI）、果实体积和叶绿素含量（SPAD）等生长指标，通过构建Logistic模型对核桃各生长指标随有效积温的动态变化进行模拟，并进一步利用模型特征参数定量分析地下滴灌核桃生长状况随有效积温的变化。【结果】各灌水定额下核桃新梢、LAI、果实体积、SPAD随有效积温的变化均呈“S”型增长趋势，可用以有效积温为自变量建立的Logistic模型进行拟合，并有良好的拟合效果，拟合指数R2>0.94，标准化的均方根误差均小于10%；核桃新梢、SPAD增长分别集中在开花坐果期（有效积温304.11～666.82 ℃·d）、萌芽期至开花坐果期（有效积温11.29～666.82 ℃·d），LAI、果实体积增大主要集中在果实膨大期（有效积温666.82～1 278.72 ℃·d）；与W1、W2、W4处理相比，W3处理能够增加核桃新梢、LAI的最大值，其中灌水量对LAI的增长有显著影响，核桃新梢、LAI的最大增长速率与快增期平均增长速率在W3灌水处理下均达到最大值，但W3处理新梢、LAI的快增周期较短；果实体积在W2灌水处理下达到最大，但灌水量对其无显著影响，果实体积的最大增长速率与快增期平均增长速率在W2灌水处理下均达到最大值；W2处理较W1、W3处理能显著增加叶片SPAD的最大值，核桃SPAD的最大增长速率在W2处理下大于其他灌水处理，快增期平均增长速率则表现为W3＞W1＞W2＞W4。【结论】Logistic模型对不同灌水定额下地下滴灌核桃的新梢、LAI、果实体积、SPAD随有效积温的动态变化有良好的拟合精度，并且能够通过模型特征参数定量分析出核桃各生长指标在不同生育期随灌水定额的变化，表明100% ETc（W2）灌溉处理可以使核桃综合长势和产量达到最佳。 |
| 关键词: 核桃 灌水定额 生长模型 有效积温 地下滴灌 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.08.011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52169013）；新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室项目（ZDSYS-YJS-2022-03）；阿克苏河流域山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复研究（AKSSSXM2022620）；新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室项目（ZDSYS-YJS-2023-25） |
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| Changes of walnuts growth with effective accumulated temperature of underground drip irrigation treatment under different irrigation quotas |
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XU Jingbo1,2, XING Fengcai3, ZHAO Jinghua1,2, HE Sicheng4, FU Qiuping1,2
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1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;2.Key Laboratory of Safety and Disaster Prevention for Water Projects in Xinjiang,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;3.Hydrology and Water Resources Management Center of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;4.Xinjiang Toutun River Basin Administration,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the dynamic change of walnut growth with the change of effective accumulated temperature under subsurface drip irrigation treatments of different irrigation quota and its model characteristic parameters,and to elucidate the most appropriate irrigation quota for various growth indicators of walnuts during their critical developmental periods.【Method】A field experiment was conducted from March 2023 to September 2023 in Aksu region,Xinjiang,on 15-year-old “Wen 185” walnut trees.Four irrigation quota treatments were set:75% ETc (ETc refers to crop evapotranspiration,W1),100% ETc (W2),125% ETc (W3),and 150% ETc (W4).Growth indicators such as new shoot growth,leaf area index (LAI),fruit volume,and chlorophyll content (SPAD) were measured under different irrigation quota treatments.A Logistic model was constructed to simulate the dynamic changes of these growth indicators with changing effective accumulated temperature,and the model characteristic parameters were used to perform quantitative analysis on the changes in walnut growth status with changing effective accumulated temperature under subsurface drip irrigation.【Result】The changes in walnut new shoots,LAI,fruit volume,and SPAD under different irrigation quotas with changing effective accumulated temperature all exhibited an “S” shaped growth trend,which could be fitted well by a Logistic model established with effective accumulated temperature as the independent variable,with the fitting index R2>0.94 and the normalized root mean square error less than 10%.The growth of walnut new shoots was observed mainly on the flowering and fruit setting period (effective accumulated temperature 304.11-666.82 ℃·d) and the increase of SPAD from the budding period to the flowering and fruit setting period (effective accumulated temperature 11.29-666.82 ℃·d).The increase in LAI and fruit volume was mainly observed during the fruit enlargement period (effective accumulated temperature 666.82-1 278.72 ℃·d).Compared to W1,W2,and W4 treatments,the W3 treatment increased the maximum values of new shoots and LAI of walnuts,and irrigation amount showed a significant impact on the growth of LAI.The maximum growth rate and average growth rate during the rapid growth phase of new shoots and LAI reached their maximum under W3 irrigation treatment,but the rapid growth period of new shoots and LAI was shorter under W3 treatment.Fruit volume reached its maximum under W2 irrigation treatment,but irrigation amount showed no significant impact on fruit volume,with both the maximum growth rate and average growth rate during rapid growth phase reaching their maximum under W2 irrigation treatment.W2 treatment significantly increased the maximum value of leaf SPAD compared to W1 and W3 treatments,with the maximum growth rate of walnut SPAD in W2 treatment being greater than other irrigation treatments,and the average growth rate during the rapid growth phase being W3>W1>W2>W4.【Conclusion】Logistic model showed good fitting precision for the dynamic changes of new shoots,LAI,fruit volume,and SPAD of walnuts under different irrigation quotas with subsurface drip irrigation.With model characteristic parameters,it also can quantitatively analyze the changes in various growth indicators of walnuts during different growth periods with different irrigation quota,which indicate that 100% ETc (W2) irrigation treatment can optimize the overall growth and yield of walnuts. |
| Key words: walnut irrigation quota growth model effective accumulated temperature subsurface drip irrigation |
