| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对甜菜农艺性状进行综合评价，筛选高产、高糖优异种质资源。【方法】以135份甜菜种质资源为材料，对28个农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析，通过相关性分析探究各农艺性状间的关系，利用通径分析得出影响产量和产糖量的农艺性状，通过聚类分析筛选出优异种质，结合最优回归方程预测产量和产糖量。【结果】135份甜菜种质的农艺性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。质量性状的遗传多样性指数为0.23~1.34，其中遗传多样性指数最高的是叶面形，最低的为根肉色，不同指标间的变异系数为21.88%~47.53%。数量性状的遗传多样性指数，株高和产量较大，均为2.09，维管束环数最小，为1.85，不同指标间变异系数差异较大(7.35%~41.03%)。甜菜的产量与锤度、幼苗生长势和根皮色呈显著负相关，而与根皮光滑度、子叶面积呈显著正相关；产糖量与叶丛型、根皮光滑度、子叶面积、维管束环数、蔗糖含量呈显著正相关，而与幼苗生长势、根皮色和根肉色呈显著负相关。对产量和产糖量存在相关关系的农艺性状进行多元逐步回归分析，结果表明产量和产糖量主要受幼苗生长势、根皮色、子叶面积和根皮光滑度的影响。通径分析结果表明，子叶面积对产量的直接和间接效应最大，子叶面积和根皮光滑度对产糖量的直接和间接效应最大，幼苗生长势、根皮色、子叶面积和根皮光滑度对产量和产糖量均有促进作用。系统聚类结果表明，甜菜种质资源可分为5类，在第Ⅰ类中，筛选产量高于4×104 kg/hm2且产糖量高于5×103 kg/hm2的种质资源7份，均表现为幼苗生长势旺，子叶面积较大，根皮不光滑，根皮色为白色和黄色，白色和黄色的块根数量接近。【结论】在有效筛选高产、高糖种质资源的同时，结合逐步回归分析方法，可以实现在田间生育前期进行产量和产糖量的预测。 |
| 关键词: 甜菜 遗传多样性 农艺性状 甜菜产量 产糖量 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.08.006 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系（糖料）建设项目(CARS-170102)；甜菜种质资源安全保存项目(19230841)；内蒙古自治区 “揭榜挂帅”项目（2022JBGS0029)；普查甜菜资源繁种编目入库项目(19230801)；科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目“甜菜分库运行服务”(NCGRC-2023-017) |
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| Study on the correlation between agronomic characters and yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet |
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CHU Mingyue, WANG Hao, LIU Dali, LI Jiaxuan, CHEN Kehua, WANG Mohan, XING Wang
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National Beet Germplasm Midterm Bank,College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University，Harbin,Heilongjiang 150080,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic characters of sugarbeet was conducted,to screen excellent germplasm resources with high yield and high sugar content. 【Method】With 135 sugar beet germplasm resources as the experimental material,the genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 28 agronomic traits.Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between different agronomic traits,and path analysis was used determine the agronomic traits affecting the yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet.The clustering analysis was used to screen the excellent germplasm,and its combination with the optimum regression equation was used to predict the yield and sugar yield.【Result】The agronomic traits of 135 sugarbeet germplasms showed great genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of qualitative trait was 0.23-1.34,with the highest index observed in leaf shape and the lowest index observed in root flesh color,and their variation coefficient ranged from 21.88%-47.53%.The maximum genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 2.09 for plant height and yield and the minimum was 1.85 for the number of vascular bundle rings.Their variation coefficient ranged from 7.35%-41.03%.The sugarbeet yield was significantly negatively correlated with a hammer,seedling growth potential, and root bark color,and was significantly positively correlated with root bark smoothness and cotyledon area.Sugar yield was significantly positively correlated with leaf cluster type,root bark smoothness,cotyledon area,vascular bundle ring number and sucrose content,and significantly negatively correlated with seedling growth potential,root bark color and root flesh color.Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was carried out on agronomic traits related to yield and sugar yield,and the results showed that yield and sugar yield were mainly affected by seedling growth potential,root bark color,cotyledon area,and root bark smoothness.The path analysis indicated that cotyledon area showed both the highest direct effect and indirect effect on the yield, and cotyledon area and root bark smoothness showed both the highest direct effect and indirect effect on the sugar yield.Seedling growth potential,root bark color,cotyledon area, and root bark smoothness all promoted yield and sugar yield.The results of systematic clustering showed that the beet germplasm resources could be divided into five categories,and 7 germplasm resources with yield higher than 4×104 kg/hm2 and sugar yield higher than 5×103 kg/hm2 were included in categoryⅠ,all of which showed vigorous growth,large cotyledon area,unsmooth root bark,white and yellow root bark color, and similar number of white and yellow root tubers.【Conclusion】The direct or indirect relationship between yield and sugar yield and various traits was revealed.The high-yield and high-sugar germplasm resources were effectively screened.Combined with the stepwise regression analysis method,the prediction of yield and sugar yield in the early stage of field growth can be realized,which provides a theoretical basis for the creation of sugar beet germplasm resources and the screening of excellent resources. |
| Key words: sugarbeet genetic diversity agronomic traits beet yield sugar yield |
