| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究生物炭对宁夏干旱地区土壤养分、酶活性及玉米产量的影响，旨在筛选出适宜的生物炭施用量，为改善研究区土壤状况、提高玉米产量提供理论依据。【方法】2020年4月至10月，在宁夏干旱地区，以先玉335为供试材料，将其以膜下滴灌的方式种植，采用单因素随机区组设计，设置5个生物炭施用量处理：CK（0 t/hm2）、T1（7.5 t/hm2）、T2（15.0 t/hm2）、T3（22.5 t/hm2）、T4（30.0 t/hm2），分别在玉米拔节期（7月8日）、大喇叭口期（7月23日）、开花期（8月27日）、灌浆期（9月8日）和成熟期（10月4日）采集耕层（0~20 cm）的土样，研究生物炭对耕层土壤养分含量、酶活性和玉米产量及其构成因素的影响，对土壤养分含量、酶活性以及玉米产量的相关性进行分析，并采用主成分分析方法对不同施用量生物炭处理的综合表现进行评价。【结果】在玉米各生育期，与CK相比，T1~T4处理总体提高了土壤全氮、有机碳、速效钾和速效磷含量以及脲酶、蔗糖转化酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。在同一生育期，随着生物炭施用量的增加，土壤全氮、速效磷含量以及脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性总体呈先增加后下降趋势，这4种指标总体均以T3处理最高；土壤有机碳、速效钾含量以及蔗糖转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性总体呈增加趋势，这4种指标总体均以T4处理最高。与CK相比，T1~T4处理玉米穗行数、百粒质量均无显著变化，玉米行粒数明显增加。随着生物炭施用量的增加，玉米产量呈先升高后降低的趋势，其中以T3处理最大。相关性分析结果显示，土壤全氮与过氧化氢酶及蔗糖转化酶呈显著正相关，有机碳与速效钾、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖转化酶呈显著正相关，土壤速效钾与脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖转化酶呈显著或极显著正相关；玉米产量与行粒数和土壤全氮、速效钾、脲酶、蔗糖转化酶呈显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示，CK、T1、T2、T3、T4处理的综合得分分别为－3.27，－1.70，－0.08，2.46，2.43，可知T3处理表现最优。【结论】在宁夏干旱地区，生物炭对土壤养分、土壤酶活性及玉米产量有明显影响，该地区生物炭的最佳施用量为22.5 t/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 生物炭 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 滴灌玉米产量 宁夏干旱地区 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.08.001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603)；宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BFG02015) |
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| Effects of biochar on soil nutrients,enzyme activities and drip irrigation maize yield in arid areas of Ningxia |
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MA Fenglan1, WANG Zhidan1, LIU Weifan1, MA Xiaoying1, WAN Menghu1, LI Tao1, LIU Jili2, WU Na1
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1.School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;2.School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to study the effect of biochar on soil nutrient,enzyme activity and maize yield in arid area of Ningxia,in order to select the suitable biochar dosage,and to provide theoretical basis for improving soil condition and increasing maize yield in the study area.【Method】From April 2020 to October 2020,Xianyu 335 was planted under drip irrigation in the arid area of Ningxia.Five treatments of varied biochar application rates were set up:CK (0 t/hm2),T1 (7.5 t/hm2),T2 (15.0 t/hm2),T3 (22.5 t/hm2) and T4 (30.0 t/hm2).Soil samples from the tillage layer (0-20 cm) were collected at the tillage stage (July 23 rd),flowering stage (August 27 th),grain filling stage (September 8 th) and maturity stage (October 4th) to study the effects of biochar on soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,maize yield and its constituent factors.The correlation between soil nutrient content,enzyme activity and maize yield was analyzed,and the comprehensive performance of biochar treatment at different application rates was evaluated by principal component analysis method.【Result】Compared with CK,T1-T4 treatment increased the contents of total nitrogen,organic carbon,available potassium and available phosphorus,as well as the activities of urease,sucrose invertase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase in soil at each growth stage of maize.At the same growth period,with the increase of biochar application rate,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,urease and alkaline phosphatase in soil increased first and then decreased,with the highest contents for all of them observed in T3 treatment.The contents of soil carbon and available potassium and the activity of sucrose invertase and catalase increased generally,with the maximum for all of them observed in T4 treatment.Compared with CK,no significant differences was observed in the number of ear rows and 100 grain weight in T1-T4 treatment,but the number of grains in corn rows increased significantly.With the increase of biochar application rate,the maize yield increased first and then decreased,with the highest yield observed in T3 treatment.The results of correlation analysis showed that soil total nitrogen was significantly positively correlated with catalase and sucrose invertase.Organic carbon was significantly positively correlated with available potassium,catalase and sucrose invertase.Soil available potassium was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with urease,catalase and sucrose invertase.Maize yield was significantly positively correlated with grain count and soil total nitrogen,available potassium,urease and sucrose invertase.The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments were-3.27,-1.70,-0.08,2.46 and 2.43,respectively,indicating that T3 treatment had the best performance.【Conclusion】In the arid region of Ningxia,biochar showed significant effects on soil nutrients,soil enzyme activities and maize yield,and the optimal application rate of biochar in this area was 22.5 t/hm2. |
| Key words: biochar soil nutrients soil enzyme activity drip irrigated maize yield arid region of Ningxia |
