| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究青海大通河流域不同类型青杄林群落的物种多样性、径级结构和空间结构，为该地区青杄林结构优化调整提供参考。【方法】2021-2022年,在青海大通河中下游典型地段设置24个30 m×30 m青杄林样地，进行每木检尺调查，运用Ward最小方差聚类法划分青杄林群落类型，计算不同群落类型的Partrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数，分析其群落物种组成和多样性；通过绘制各径级林木株数分布图，分析不同群落类型径级结构；通过计算林木个体的角尺度、大小比数和混交度，分析其一元和二元空间结构分布特征；通过计算林分的空间结构指数（FSSI）和空间结构距离（FSSD），对不同群落类型的结构进行综合评价。【结果】① 运用Ward最小方差聚类法将青海大通河流域青杄林划分为青杄－灰栒子+唐古特忍冬－薹草群落和青杄－栓翅卫矛－薹草+东方草莓群落2种青杄纯林群落，以及青杄+白桦－唐古特忍冬－薹草群落、青杄+红桦－唐古特忍冬－薹草群落、青杄+油松－灰栒子+唐古特忍冬－薹草群落和青杄+山杨－银露梅－薹草群落4种混交林群落。② 各群落之间 Simpson优势度指数和Pielou 均匀度指数数值相近且均无显著差异，而Partrick丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数存在显著差异，纯林群落相对较低；乔木层和灌木层中，青杄－栓翅卫矛－薹草+东方草莓群落的各物种多样性指数最低，草本层中不同群落类型的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均无显著差异，但Partrick丰富度指数存在差异。③ 各群落中青杄种群径级结构均呈倒“J”型，符合天然异龄林的直径结构分布特征，红桦、油松等亚优势种径级结构呈单峰或双峰型，以中大径级个体居多，白桦、山杨则以中小径级个体为主。④ 4种青杄混交林群落类型中林木主要为随机分布，个别群落呈现轻微团状分布，表明研究区青杄天然次生林群落大多处于自然演替中后期；2种青秆纯林群落中林木均处于随机分布状态，整体竞争状态处于中庸水平。由各群落类型的林分空间结构综合指数可知，青杄+红桦－唐古特忍冬－薹草群落的FSSI最高（0.482），FSSD最低（0.756），表明其更趋近于理想的林分结构。【结论】森林经营中，可适当调整树种结构，选择性伐除绝对劣势林木，减少林木个体间的竞争，改善林内环境，增加光照，提高物种多样性，提升森林质量。 |
| 关键词: 群落类型 物种多样性 林分空间结构 青杄林 青海 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.03.003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:2021年青海省财政林业改革发展资金新技术推广项目 |
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| Comparative study of community structure of different Picea wilsonii forests in Datong River basin of Qinghai Province |
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LÜ Kangning1, ZHU Jiaqi1, FU Zhenjie1, LUO Xuhui1, YANG Hang1, ZHANG Yuhai2, WAND Dexiang1
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1.College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;2.Beishan Forestry Center of Huzhu Tu Autonomous County in Qinghai Province,Huzhu,Qinghai 810500,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed at the species diversity,diameter class structure and spatial structure of the different communities of Picea wilsonii forest in the Datong River basin of Qinghai Province,so as to provide a reference for the structural optimization of P.wilsonii forest in this region.【Method】In 2021 and 2022,24 sample sites of 30 m×30 m P.wilsonii forest were set up in the middle and lower reaches of the Datong River in Qinghai Province.The scale survey of each tree was carried out and the community type of P.wilsonii forest was divided by Ward minimum variance clustering method.Partrick index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index of different community types were calculated to analyze the community species composition and diversity.The diameter class structure of different community types was analyzed by making the tree number distribution map of each diameter class.By calculating the uniform angle index,neighborhood comparison and mingling of individual trees,the spatial structure distribution characteristics of one and two elements were analyzed.The structure of different community types was comprehensively evaluated by calculating the spatial structure index (FSSI) and spatial structure distance (FSSD) of forest stands.【Result】①Ward’s minimum variance clustering method was used to classify the P.wilsonii forest in the Datong River basin of Qinghai Province into two types of P.wilsonii pure forest communities:P.wilsonii－Cotoneaster acutifolius+Lonicera tangutica－Carex community and P.wilsonii－Euonymus phellomanus－Carex+Fragaria orientalis community,as well as four types of mixed forest communities,namely,P.wilsonii+Betula platyphylla－L.tangutica－Carex community,P.wilsonii+Betula albosinensis－L.tangutica－Carex community,P.wilsonii+Pinus tabuliformis－C.acutifolius+L.tangutic－Carex community and P.wilsonii+Populus davidiana－Dasiphora glabra－Carex community.②The Simpson index and Pielou index were similar and not significantly different,while the Partrick index and Shannon-Wiener index were significantly different,and the pure forest community was relatively low;in the tree and shrub layers,the diversity index of each species was the lowest in the P.wilsonii－E.phellomanus－Carex+F.orientalis community.There were no significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index among different community types in the herb layer,but there were differences in Patrick index.③The diameter class structure of the populations of P.wilsonii was inverted “J” type,which was in line with the diameter structure distribution characteristics of natural forests of different ages.The subdominant species such as B.albosinensis and P.tabuliformis were unimodal or bimodal with most of them being big and medium-diameter class individuals,and the medium and small-sized individuals of B.platyphylla and P.davidiana were the main ones.④The trees were distributed randomly in the 4 communities of P.wilsonii mixed forest,with some of them showing a slight group distribution,which showed that the natural secondary forest communities were mostly in the middle and late stage of natural succession in the study area.The stands in the 2 communities of P.wilsonii pure forest were randomly distributed,and the overall competitive status was at a moderate level.From the composite index of stand spatial structure of each community type,the FSSI of P.wilsonii+B.albosinensis－L.tangutica－Carex community was the highest (0.482) and the FSSD was the lowest (0.756),which indicated that it was closer to the ideal stand structure.【Conclusion】In forest management,the structure of tree species can be appropriately adjusted,and absolutely inferior forest trees can be selectively felled to reduce the competition between individual forest trees,improve the environment within the forest,increase light,improve species diversity,and enhance the quality of forests. |
| Key words: community type species diversity stand spatial structure Picea wilsonii forest Qinghai Province |
