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| 植物工厂红光与远红光配比对生菜产量和品质的影响 |
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李源源,吴翠南,吴雪,徐识溥,岳钉伊,胡立盼,曹凯
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1.重庆三峡学院 生物与食品工程学院，重庆 404100;2.江苏省农业科学院 农业设施与装备研究所，农业农村部长江中下游设施农业工程重点实验室，江苏 南京 210014;3.农业农村部长三角智慧农业技术重点实验室，上海市农业科学院 农业科技信息研究所，上海 201106;4.上海农林职业技术学院，上海 201699
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对红光（R）与远红光（FR）调控生菜生长及营养品质的生物学作用进行研究，为提高植物工厂中生菜的产量及品质提供技术支撑。【方法】以‘意大利’生菜为试验材料，在光子照度250 μmol/(m2·s)的条件下，以白光（W）为对照（CK），设置不同配比的R/FR（分别为0.2，0.4，0.8，1.6，3.2）照射28 d，分析不同R/FR配比对生菜生长指标（株高、鲜质量、干质量、叶面积）的影响，筛选最经济有效的最佳R/FR配比；然后在最佳R/FR配比下设置不同照射时间（分别为14，21和28 d，其中14，21 d处理在最佳R/FR配比照射结束后恢复成W照射直至28 d），分析不同照射时间对生菜生长指标的影响，筛选最适宜照射时间；最后在最佳R/FR配比及其最佳照射时间下分析其对生菜光合特性（光响应曲线参数、CO2响应曲线参数及净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr））、光合色素含量（叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及总叶绿素含量）、品质（可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及抗坏血酸含量）和抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性的影响。【结果】最佳R/FR配比试验表明，与CK相比，随着R/FR配比的增大，生菜株高降低了50.57%~111.49%，鲜质量降低了6.03%~21.19%，干质量降低了2.70%~23.11%，叶面积降低了1.84%~9.77%；当R/FR配比为1.6时，生菜鲜质量与R/FR为0.2，0.4，0.8处理相比无显著性差异，但显著高于CK和R/FR为3.2处理。最佳R/FR配比下不同照射时间试验表明，当R/FR配比为1.6时，14 d的照射时间可以显著提高生菜的鲜质量，与照射0，21和28 d相比其鲜质量分别增加了30.26%，4.40%和22.94%。与CK相比，最佳R/FR配比及其最佳照射时间处理能显著促进生菜鲜质量、可溶性糖和抗坏血酸含量的积累，可显著降低生菜的Pn及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性，并降低类胡萝卜素含量，而Ci、Gs、Tr无显著性差异。光响应曲线及CO2响应曲线分析表明，当光合有效辐射大于200 μmol/(m2·s)或胞间CO2浓度大于50 μmol/mol时，Pn显著降低。【结论】本研究条件下，R/FR配比1.6照射14 d最适用于植物工厂中生菜的生产，在该光环境下植物工厂中的生菜产量最好，并可显著促进其可溶性糖及抗坏血酸的积累。 |
| 关键词: 生菜 植物工厂 红光与远红光配比 |
| DOI：DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.11.008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新项目（CX（23）3039）；农业农村部长三角智慧农业技术重点实验室开放课题项目（KSAT-YRD2023010）；上海晨光计划项目（KY4-0100-21-01） |
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| Effects of red light to far-red light ratio on yield and quality of lettuce in a plant factory |
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LI Yuanyuan1,2, WU Cuinan3, WU Xue3, XU Shipu4, YUE Dingyi5, HU Lipan1, CAO Kai1,3
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1.College of Biology and Food Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 404100,China;2.Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering of Middle and lower Yan;3.Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering of Middle and lower Yangtze River Facilities,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210014,China;4.Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Science and Technology Information Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai,201106,China;5.Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Shanghai 201699,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The biological effects of red light (R) and far-red light (FR) on growth and quality of lettuce were studied to provide support for lettuce cultivation in plant factories.【Method】Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.cv. Italian) was used as the experimental material,and light treatments lasted for 28 days.The light intensity was 250 μmol/(m2·s) and white light was used as the control (CK).Various R/FR ratios of 0.2,0.4,0.8,1.6,and 3.2 were set to analyze the effects on growth traits of lettuce (plant height,fresh mass,dry mass,and leaf area) and the optimal R/FR ratio was determined.Then,different irradiation durations (14,21,and 28 days) were set under the optimal R/FR ratio.The first two treatments were switched to white light after 14 and 21 days till the end of experiments at day 28.Furthermore,the effects of different irradiation durations on growth traits of lettuce were analyzed,and the optimum R/FR irradiation duration was screened.Finally,the photosynthetic characteristics (light response curve,CO2 response curve,net photosynthesis rate (Pn),intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),stomatal conductance (Gs),transpiration rate (Tr),chlorophyll a,Chlorophyll b,carotenoids,and total chlorophyll content),quality parameters (soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,and ascorbic acid content),and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD,POD,and CAT) of lettuce were analyzed under optimal R/FR ratio and irradiation duration.【Result】With the increase of R/FR ratio,plant height decreased by 50.57% to 111.49%,fresh mass decreased by 6.03% to 21.19%,dry mass decreased by 2.70% to 23.11%,and leaf area decreased by 1.84% to 9.77% compared to CK.When R/FR ratio was 1.6,total fresh mass was significantly higher than that in CK and the treatment with R/FR ratio of 3.2,but without significant diffe rences with other treatments.With optimal R/FR ratio of 1.6,radiation duration of 14 days greatly improved fresh mass,with 30.26%,4.40%,and 22.94% increases compared with those of 0,21,and 28 days,respectively.Compared with CK,the optimal R/FR ratio and irradiation duration significantly promoted the accumulation of fresh mass,soluble sugar,and ascorbic acid of lettuce,significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn),chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll,soluble protein,and carotenoid,as well as antioxidant enzyme activities.There was no significant difference in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),stomatal conductance (Gs),and transpiration rate (Tr).Light response curve and CO2 response curve showed that photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased significantly when light intensity was higher than 200 μmol/(m2·s) or intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was higher than 50 μmol/mol.【Conclusion】The R/FR ratio of 1.6 and irradiation time of 14 days were recommended for lettuce cultivation in plant factories.This light environment could significantly improve yield and contents of soluble sugar and ascorbic acid in lettuce. |
| Key words: lettuce plant factory ratio of red light to far-red light |
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