| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同施肥处理对茶树容器大苗生长的影响，获取最优的底肥配比和叶面肥组合，为茶树容器大苗培育技术的完善提供参考。【方法】在2022-05-01至2022-12-15，以1年生龙井43容器大苗为试验对象，设置3个底肥处理，其中对照（CK）为复合肥（m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=20∶20∶20）滴灌处理，SRF1（m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=15∶15∶15）和SRF2（m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=15∶10∶15）为缓释肥拌入轻基质，同时配合喷施5 g/L的尿素处理；设置4种叶面肥喷施处理，其中WT为清水对照，LF1为5 g/L的尿素，LF2为5 g/L的尿素+1.25 g/L的磷酸二氢钾混合液，LF3为5 g/L的尿素+1.25 g/L的氨基酸肥混合液，叶面肥处理组均采用复合肥（5 g/L）与腐植酸水溶肥（0.11 mL/L）进行滴灌。测定茶苗2轮新梢物候期、新梢形态指标（新梢展叶数、新梢长度、新梢最大节间长和叶面积）、新梢鲜质量和干质量，2轮新梢结束后检测茶苗分枝指标（分枝总数、短枝数、长枝数、一级侧枝数和一级侧枝粗度）、生长量（苗高、地径、地上干质量、地下干质量、高径比和根冠比）以及光合生理指标（叶绿素含量指数、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率），分析不同底肥和叶面肥处理对茶树容器大苗生长的影响。【结果】与CK组相比，缓释肥处理组茶苗新梢物候期提前了2~6 d，SRF2组展叶时间较SRF1组更早；缓释肥处理组2轮茶苗的新梢展叶数、新梢长度、新梢最大节间长及第1轮新梢叶面积与CK组均无显著差异，但第2轮茶苗新梢叶面积在SRF2组有显著增加；茶苗第1轮新梢鲜质量和干质量均显著增加，但第2轮仅在SRF2组有显著增加；茶苗的长枝数、苗高、地径、地上干质量、地下干质量仅SRF2组显著增加, 缓释肥处理组茶苗的分枝总数、短枝数、一级侧枝数、一级侧枝粗度、高径比和根冠比较CK组无显著差异；缓释肥处理组叶绿素含量指数、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率较CK均显著增加，但胞间CO2浓度均显著降低。与WT组相比，喷施叶面肥后茶苗的新梢物候期提前2~4 d，LF2和LF3组展叶时间较LF1组更早；LF2组2轮茶苗的新梢长度、新梢叶面积及第1轮新梢展叶数、新梢最大节间长均较WT显著增加；LF1和LF2组茶苗第1轮新梢鲜质量和干质量均显著增加，但第2轮仅在LF2组有显著增加；茶苗的分枝总数、短枝数、长枝数均显著提高，但3个叶面肥处理组之间并无显著差异；叶面肥处理组茶苗的一级侧枝数、地下干质量、高径比和根冠比与WT相比均无显著差异，一级侧枝粗度和地上干质量仅在LF2组有显著提高。LF2和LF3组茶苗的苗高和地径显著提高，且均以 LF2组效果最好。叶面肥处理可以显著提高叶绿素含量指数、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率，但胞间CO2浓度均显著降低。【结论】适宜配比的底肥和叶面肥均能够提前茶苗新梢物候期，促进茶苗生长，施用NPK比例为15∶10∶15的缓释肥及喷施尿素+磷酸二氢钾混合液的效果均最好。 |
| 关键词: 茶树栽培 配方施肥 龙井43 容器大苗 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.08.010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:安徽省科技重大专项（202203a06020014）；安徽省高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2020-080）；安徽省大学生创新创业计划项目（S202210364010） |
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| Effect of different fertilization treatments on growth of large container seedlings of tea plants |
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CHENG Yaohua1, ZHANG Siqi1, LI Chunyu1, HUANG Chuxuan1, WANG Yuling1, ZHONG Chenghu2, LI Yeyun1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization,College of Tea and Food Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei，Anhui 230000,China;2.Maoshi Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chizhou，Anhui 247100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of different fertilization treatments on growth of large container seedlings were studied and the optimal combination of base fertilizer and foliar fertilizer was obtained to provide reference for the improvement of cultivation technology of large container seedlings of tea plants.【Method】From May 1 to December 15,2022,1-year-old container seedlings of Longjing 43 were cultivated with three base fertilizer treatments and four foliar fertilizer spraying treatments.For base fertilizer treatments,the control group was drip irrigation treatment with compound fertilizer (m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=20∶20∶20),while SRF1 (m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=15∶15∶15) and SRF2 (m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=15∶10∶15) were slow-release fertilizers mixed into light matrix treatment in combination with spraying with 5 g/L urea.For foliar fertilizer spraying treatments,WT was water control,LF1 was 5 g/L urea,LF2 was 5 g/L urea+1.25 g/L KH2PO4,and LF3 was 5 g/L urea+1.25 g/L amino acid fertilizer.The foliar fertilizer treatments were treated with compound fertilizer (5 g/L) and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (0.11 mL/L) for drip irrigation.The two rounds of new shoots phenological period,morphological indexes (leaf number,shoot length,maximum internode length and leaf area),fresh weight and dry weight of tea seedlings were measured.After two rounds of new shoots,the branching indexes (total number of branches,number of short branches,number of long branches,number of first-level lateral branches and thickness of first-level lateral branches),growth (seedling height,ground diameter,aboveground dry weight,underground dry weight,height-diameter ratio and root-shoot ratio) and photosynthetic physiological indexes (chlorophyll content index,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate) were measured to analyze the effects of different base and foliar fertilizer treatments on growth of tea container seedlings.【Result】Compared with CK,the phenological period of new shoots of tea seedlings in the slow-release fertilizer treatment group was advanced by 2-6 days,and the leaf expansion time of SRF2 treatment was earlier than that of SRF1.There was no significant difference in the number of new shoots,the length of new shoots and the maximum internode length of new shoots in the two rounds and the leaf area of new shoots in the first round between the slow release fertilizer treatment group and the CK group,while the leaf area of new shoots in the second- round was significantly increased in the SRF2 group.The fresh weight and dry weight in the first phenological period of tea seedlings were significantly increased,while those of new shoots in the second round were significantly increased in SRF2 group only.The number of long branches,seedling height,ground diameter,aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight of tea seedlings were significantly increased in SRF2 group only.There were no significant differences in total number of branches,number of short branches,number of first-level lateral branches,thickness of first-level lateral branches,height-diameter ratio and root-shoot ratio of tea seedlings in slow-release fertilizer treatment group compared with CK group.The chlorophyll content index,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the slow release fertilizer treatment group increased significantly,while intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly reduced.Compared with WT,the phenological period of tea seedlings was advanced by 2-4 days after foliar fertilizer application,and the leaf expansion time of LF2 and LF3 treatments was earlier than that of LF1.The shoot length and leaf area in the two rounds,the number of new shoots and the maximum internode length in the first round of new shoots in LF2 group were significantly higher than those in WT.The fresh weight and dry weight of tea shoots in the first round of LF1 and LF2 groups increased significantly,but the second round only increased significantly in LF2 group.The total number of branches,short branches and long branches of tea seedlings were significantly increased without significant difference among treatments.There were no significant differences in the number of first-level lateral branches,underground dry weight,height-diameter ratio and root-shoot ratio of tea seedlings in foliar fertilizer treatments compared with WT.The first-level lateral branch thickness and aboveground dry weight were significantly increased in LF2 group only.The seedling height and ground diameter of LF2 and LF3 treatment groups were significantly increased,with better effects in LF2.The chlorophyll content index,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly increased in foliar fertilizer treatments,while intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly reduced.【Conclusion】Appropriate combination of base fertilizer and foliar fertilizer could advance the phenological period of new shoots and promote the growth of tea seedlings.Applying slow-release fertilizer with NPK ratio of 15∶10∶15 and spraying urea+KH2PO4 mixture was the best treatment in this study. |
| Key words: tea cultivation formula fertilization Longjing 43 container seedlings |
