| 摘要: |
| 【目的明确柿属新种德阳柿各花器官原基出现的大致时间，以及花性别分化早期的形态学差异。【方法以10年生德阳柿雌株和雄株为材料，采集现蕾前的混合芽以及现蕾后的雌花和雄花，拍照记录其外部形态；同时利用扫描电镜和常规石蜡切片法，观察雌花和雄花各花器官原基以及性细胞的发育过程。【结果以休眠期为时间节点，德阳柿雌、雄花芽的发育过程可分为花芽分化前期和花芽分化后期。分化前期为6-7月，该阶段雌、雄花芽的发育进程基本一致，首先在叶原基基部出现花分生组织，然后依次形成苞叶原基、萼片原基和花瓣原基；分化后期为次年3-5月，雌、雄花芽解除休眠后，再依次分化出雄蕊原基和心皮原基。雄花芽解除休眠的时间早于雌花芽，雄花形成雄蕊原基和心皮原基的时间较雌花早17 d。随后，雄花和雌花进入性细胞发育时期。雄花雄蕊内部会产生初生造孢细胞团，造孢细胞继续分裂发育直到形成成熟花粉粒；雌花心皮原基基部形成子房，内部产生胚珠原基，随后胚珠分化发育，最终产生成熟胚囊；雌、雄花性细胞发育成熟的时间基本一致。【结论】德阳柿花芽分化跨2个年度进行，在萼片原基分化期和雄蕊、心皮原基分化期，雌花芽和雄花芽表现出明显的形态学差异。 |
| 关键词: 德阳柿 花芽分化 发育时期 形态观察 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2022NY-112）；陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目（2022PT-25）；国家科技资源共享服务平台项目（NHGRC2022-NH06）；农作物种质资源保护与利用专项（19210153） |
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| Cytomorphological observation on development of floral buds of Diospyros deyangensis |
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FANG Jing,LONG Haitao,WANG Zhanqiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【ObjectiveThe flowering time of Diospyros deyangensis,a new species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae),was clarified and the developmental stages of floral buds were distinguished.【Method】The developmental stages of 10 years old male and female floral buds were observed by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope.【Result】The whole developmental process of floral buds can be divided into two stages by dormancy periods.The bract primordia,sepal primordium and petal primordium formed in the floral buds at the early stage of developmental process ranging from June to July.In the later stage of differentiation from March to May of the following year,flower buds formed stamen primordium and carpel primordium.The male floral buds were 17 d earlier than the female floral buds due to earlier end of dormancy.Afterwards,the sexual cells of floral buds began to develop,and the maturation of pollens and embryo sacs completed basically at the same time.【Conclusion】There were significant morphological differences between female and male floral buds during the development period of sepal primordia and the development period of stamen and carpel primordia. |
| Key words: Diospyros deyangensis floral development developmental stages morphological investigation |
