| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究我国不同产区大五星枇杷果实的品质差异，为枇杷优质化生产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以全国7个产区大五星枇杷果实为试验材料，对单果质量、果形指数、色差等外观性状指标和总糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、总黄酮、总酚含量等主要营养成分指标以及可溶性糖组分、有机酸组分进行测定分析；运用主成分分析法，对不同产区大五星枇杷果实的品质进行综合评价。【结果】不同产区大五星枇杷果实外观性状及主要营养成分含量存在显著差异（P<0.05），其中单果质量为35.28～57.20 g，以陕西安康最高；可食率为78.03%～88.69%，以重庆合川最高；果实硬度为3.23～6.62 N，以重庆合川最高；果实色差值L和b以广东韶关最高，a以云南蒙自最高；果形均近圆形。果实含水率为85.46%～91.10%，以广东韶关最高；总糖含量为57.63～126.27 mg/g，以云南蒙自最高；可溶性固形物含量为8.79%～13.83%，以四川攀枝花最高；可滴定酸含量为0.20%～1.33%，以广东韶关最高；固酸比为6.60～66.71，以云南蒙自最高；维生素C含量为7.35～14.87 mg/hg，以云南蒙自最高；类胡萝卜素含量以四川成都和陕西安康显著高于其他产区（P<0.05）；总黄酮含量为26.37～92.43 mg/hg，以云南蒙自最高；总酚含量为8.89～30.93 mg/hg，以重庆合川最高。枇杷果实可溶性糖以葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖为主，有机酸主要是苹果酸。基于主要营养成分含量，各产地枇杷果实品质的综合评分从大到小依次为云南蒙自、陕西安康、四川攀枝花、四川成都、重庆合川、湖北咸宁和广东韶关。【结论】枇杷产地环境的纬度、海拔、光照、昼夜温差、降水量以及紫外线强度等气候条件，是影响枇杷果实品质的关键因素。 |
| 关键词: 枇杷 生态条件 果实品质 综合评价 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:财政部“以大学为依托的农业科技推广模式建设”项目（TGZX2021-24） |
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| Differences in fruit quality of Dawuxing loquat from seven production regions |
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LI Yinuo,WANG Yang,ZHAO Xiaona,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the differences in fruit quality of Dawuxing loquat from different production regions to provide basis for high-quality production and cultivation of loquat.【Method】Dawuxing loquat from 7 production areas in China was collected,and appearance indicators including fruit weight,fruit shape index and chromatic aberration,main nutritional indicators including total sugar,titratable acid,vitamin C,total flavonoids and total phenols content,as well as soluble sugar components and organic acid components were measured and analyzed.The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate fruit quality.【Result】There were significant differences in fruit characters and main components of Dawuxing loquat fruits from different producing areas (P<0.05). The fruit weight was 35.28-57.20 g with the highest in Ankang,Shaanxi,the edible rate was 78.03%-88.69% with the highest in Hechuan,Chongqing,and the fruit hardness was 3.23-6.62 N with the highest in Hechuan,Chongqing.Chromatic aberration values L and b were the highest in Shaoguan,Guangdong,a was the highest in Mengzi,Yunnan,and the fruit was nearly round.The fruit water content was 85.46%-91.10% with the highest in Shaoguan,Guangdong,the total sugar content was 57.63-126.27 mg/g with the highest in Mengzi,Yunnan,and the content of soluble solids was 8.79%-13.83% with the highest in Panzhihua,Sichuan.The titratable acid content was 0.20%-1.33% with the highest in Shaoguan,Guangdong,the solid acid ratio was 6.60-66.71 with the highest in Mengzi,Yunnan,and the content of vitamin C was 7.35-14.87 mg/hg with the highest in Mengzi,Yunnan.The carotenoid contents in Chengdu,Sichuan and Ankang,Shaanxi were significantly higher than those in other production areas (P<0.05).The total flavone content was 26.37-92.43 mg/hg with the highest in Mengzi,Yunnan,and the total phenol content was 8.89-30.93 mg/hg with the highest in Hechuan,Chongqing.The soluble sugar components mainly included glucose,fructose and sucrose,and the main organic acid was malic acid.The comprehensive scores of loquat quality based on main nutritional components were in the decreasing order of Mengzi,Yunnan>Ankang,Shaanxi>Panzhihua,Sichuan>Chengdu,Sichuan>Hechuan,Chongqing>Xianning,Hubei>Shaoguan,Guangdong.【Conclusion】Climatic conditions such as latitude,altitude,light,temperature difference between day and night,rainfall and UV intensity were the key factors affecting loquat quality. |
| Key words: loquat ecological condition fruit quality comprehensive evaluation |
