| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究水肥一体化技术对烤烟不同生育期钾、氯离子吸收规律的影响，为烤烟质量调控提供参考。【方法】以云烟99为研究对象，设置灌水与施肥方式2个因素，以当地常规施肥灌水方式（漫灌）为对照（CK），设计滴灌处理（T1）、水肥一体化处理（T2）、减肥10%的水肥一体化处理（T3）3个滴水灌肥处理，分别研究不同处理烤烟移栽40～90 d内叶片、茎部和根部钾、氯含量的变化，并与同时期相对应的土壤钾、氯含量进行相关性分析。【结果】①与移栽后40 d相比，移栽后90 d CK、T1、T2和T3处理烤烟叶片钾含量分别降低了57.26%，54.38%，49.38%和55.77%，降低幅度表现为CK>T3>T1>T2；各处理叶片钾含量占烟株钾离子总量的比例分别降低了24.23%，26.28%，16.13%和22.30%，下降幅度表现为T1>CK>T3>T2。CK、T1、T2和T3处理烤烟叶片氯含量分别降低了1.08%，1.70%，29.69%和48.44%，降低幅度表现为T3>T2>T1>CK；T1、T3处理叶片氯含量占烟株氯离子总量的比例有所下降，分别下降了1.31%和13.07%，下降幅度表现为T3>T1。②与移栽后40 d相比，移栽后90 d各处理烤烟茎部钾、氯含量均有所下降，下降幅度均表现为T3>T2>CK>T1。除CK处理外，其余处理茎部钾含量占烟株钾离子总量的比例均有所下降，且下降幅度表现为T3>T2>T1；除T3处理外，CK、T1、T2处理烤烟茎部氯含量占烟株氯离子总量的比例均有所下降，下降幅度表现为T2>CK>T1。③在烤烟移栽后的40～90 d，除CK处理外，其余处理烤烟根部钾含量均有所上升，上升幅度表现为T3>T1>T2；各处理根部钾含量占烟株钾离子总量的比例均有所上升，上升幅度表现为T3>T1>T2>CK。除T1处理外，其余处理根部氯含量均有所下降，下降幅度表现为CK>T2>T3；氯含量占烟株氯离子总量的比例除CK处理下降外，T1、T2、T3处理均有所上升，上升幅度表现为T3>T1>T2。④在移栽后90 d，CK、T1、T2处理0～40 cm土层土壤钾含量均较移栽后40 d有所下降。各处理在0～20和20～40 cm土层土壤氯含量变化规律并不一致，与烤烟移栽后40 d相比，移栽后90 d仅T2处理在各土层土壤氯含量均有增加，其0～20和20～40 cm土层土壤氯含量分别增加了45.52%和8.59%。⑤在烤烟成熟期，T2处理土壤钾含量减少，叶片、茎部钾含量占烟株钾离子总量的比例减少，而根部增加，表明钾离子可能从烤烟叶片、茎部及土壤迁移到了根部。烤烟叶片和根部氯含量占烟株氯离子总量的比例上升，茎部减少，土壤氯含量增加，表明氯离子可能从烤烟的茎部迁移到了叶片、根部和土壤。⑥土壤钾、氯含量与生育期内烟株钾、氯离子总量呈显著正相关，烟株钾、氯离子总量又与其根部、茎部及叶片的钾、氯含量呈极显著正相关。【结论】水肥一体化技术能够在一定程度上提高烟叶钾含量，控制氯含量，其中提钾效果以T2处理最优，降氯效果以T3处理最优。 |
| 关键词: 水肥一体化 烟草栽培 钾含量 氯含量 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:福建中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目（2021350000340469） |
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| Effect of water and fertilizer integration on potassium and chloride changes in different reproductive stages of flue-cured tobacco |
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MA Yangyang,CHEN Siyuan,WU Zhigao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effect of water and fertilizer integration on the absorption of potassium and chloride ions in different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco was studied to provide reference for the quality control of flue cured tobacco.【Method】Yunyan 99 was selected for treatments with two factors of irrigation and fertilization methods.Using local conventional fertilization irrigation method as the control (CK),and the experimental groups included conventional fertilization drip irrigation (T1),drip irrigation and fertilization (T2) and 10% reduced fertilizer by drip irrigation (T3).The changes of potassium and chlorine contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves,stems and roots in different treatments within 40 to 90 days after transplanting were studied,and the relationships with corresponding soil potassium and chlorine contents were analyzed.【Result】① Compared with 40 days after transplanting,potassium contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves of CK,T1,T2 and T3 after 90 days of transplanting decreased by 57.26%,54.38%,49.38% and 55.77% respectively,with the order of CK>T3>T1>T2.The proportions of potassium contents in leaves to the total in tobacco plants decreased by 24.23%,26.28%,16.13% and 22.30%,with the order of T1>CK>T3>T2.Chlorine contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves in CK,T1,T2 and T3 decreased by 1.08%,1.70%,29.69% and 48.44%,with the order of T3>T2>T1>CK.The percentages of chloride contents in leaves to the total in tobacco plants in T1 and T3 treatments decreased by 1.31% and 13.07%,respectively.② Compared with 40 days after transplanting,contents of potassium and chlorine in stems of flue-cured tobacco in all treatments decreased after 90 days of transplanting,and the decreasing ranges were in the order of T3>T2>CK>T1.Except in CK,the proportions of potassium contents in stems to the total in tobacco plants in other treatments decreased,with the order of T3>T2>T1.Except in T3,the proportions of chlorine contents in stems to the total in tobacco plants in CK,T1 and T2 decreased,and the decreasing ranges were in order of T2>CK>T1.③ From 40 to 90 days after transplantation,potassium contents in roots of flue-cured tobacco increased except in CK,and the increase ranges were in order of T3>T1>T2.The ratios of potassium contents in roots to the total in whole plants increased,with the order of T3>T1>T2>CK.Chlorine contents in roots of tobacco plants decreased in all treatments except in T1 and the decreasing ranges were in order of CK>T2>T3.The ratios of chlorine contents in roots to the total in whole plants decreased in CK but increased in T1,T2 and T3,and the increasing ranges were in order of T3>T1>T2.④ At 90 days after transplanting, potassium contents in soil layer of 0-40 cm in CK,T1 and T2 decreased compared with those at 40 days after transplanting.The changing rule of soil chlorine contents in soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm was not consistent among treatments.Compared with 40 days after transplanting,soil chlorine contents only increased in T2 at 90 days after transplanting,with the increases of 45.52% and 8.59% in soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm,respectively.⑤ At the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco,soil potassium content in T2 decreased,the proportions of potassium contents in leaves and stems to the total in tobacco plants decreased,while potassium contents in roots increased,indicating that potassium may migrate from leaves,stems and soil to roots.The proportions of chlorine contents in leaves,roots and soil increased,while the contents in stem decreased,indicating that chloride may migrate from roots to leaves,stems and soil.⑥ Contents of potassium and chlorine in soil were significantly and positively correlated with total amounts of potassium and chlorine in tobacco plants during the growth period,and the total amounts of potassium and chlorine in tobacco plants were significantly and positively correlated with potassium and chlorine contents in roots,stems and leaves.【Conclusion】The integrated technology of water and fertilizer improved potassium content and control chlorine content in tobacco leaves to a certain extent.T2 treatment was the best for potassium improvement,while T3 treatment was the best for chlorine reduction. |
| Key words: water and fertilizer integration tobacco cultivation potassium content chlorine content |
