| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究叶面喷施钾肥对无花果叶片光合生理和叶绿素荧光特性的影响，为无花果合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以4年生‘波姬红’无花果为试验材料，叶面喷施2.32 g/L（K1）、6.95 g/L（K2）和11.59 g/L（K3）硫酸钾肥水溶液，以喷施清水为对照（CK），分析不同处理对无花果叶片叶绿素含量、气孔特性、光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】与CK处理相比，叶面喷施钾肥显著提高了无花果叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素b/a值、气孔开度、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE），同时显著降低了胞间CO2浓度（Ci），其中以K2处理效果最佳。K2处理无花果叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量较CK处理分别显著提高了10.94%，46.39%和22.84%，气孔密度、气孔面积及气孔开度最大。叶面喷施钾肥可以显著提高无花果叶片PSⅡ光能捕获效率，有效提高无花果叶片最大荧光（Fm）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光能转换率（ΦPSⅡ）和表观电子传递速率（ETR），K2处理的Fm、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和ETR较CK处理分别显著提高了11.13%，5.62%，19.27%和19.22%。【结论】叶面喷施6.95 g/L硫酸钾肥可显著提高无花果叶片净光合速率，有效增加叶片PSⅡ光能利用效率，提高叶片光合能力。 |
| 关键词: 无花果；叶面施肥 钾肥；光合特性；荧光参数 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2014BAD1606） |
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| Effects of foliar potassium application on photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Ficus carica L. |
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TIAN Yujun,XU Yunfei,GUO Yanping,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of foliar potassium fertilizer on photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of fig leaves were studied to provide basis for rational fertilization of figs.【Method】This study used 4-year-old ‘Bojihong’ fig with treatments of spraying 2.32 g/L (K1),6.95 g/L (K2),and 11.59 g/L (K3) potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution on leaves using water as the control (CK).The changes in chlorophyll contents,stomatal characteristics,photosynthetic parameters,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of fig leaves were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control,foliar spraying potassium fertilizer significantly improved chlorophyll contents,chlorophyll b/a,stomatal opening,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of fig leaves,while significantly reduced intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) with the best effect in K2 treatment.The K2 treatment significantly increased contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll by 10.94%,46.39%%,and 22.84%,respectively,and it had the largest stomatal density,stomatal area and stomatal aperture.Foliar potassium application significantly improved light capture efficiency of PSⅡ and effectively improved the maximum fluorescence (Fm),maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm),actual light conversion rate (ΦPSⅡ) and apparent electron transfer rate (ETR) of fig leaves.Compared with CK,Fm,Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ and ETR of K2 treatment were significantly increased by 11.13%,5.62%,19.27% and 19.22%,respectively.【Conclusion】Foliar spraying of 6.95 g/L potassium sulfate fertilizer significantly increased photosynthetic rate of fig leaves,effectively improved the PSⅡ light energy utilization efficiency of leaves and improved leaf photosynthetic capacity. |
| Key words: Ficus carica L. foliage dressing potassium fertilizer photosynthetic characteristics fluorescence parameters |
