| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究红蓝光和外源钙对番茄果实生长及品质形成的影响，为高品质番茄果实生产提供理论依据。【方法】以‘浙樱粉1号’番茄品种为试材，采用1/2倍的霍格兰营养液，以椰糠为基质进行盆栽试验，试验共设4个处理，分别是叶面喷施蒸馏水+自然光（CK）、叶面喷施10 g/L CaCl2溶液+自然光（Ca）、叶面喷施蒸馏水+补充红蓝光（LED）、叶面喷施10 g/L CaCl2溶液+补充红蓝光（Ca+LED），其中在番茄初花初果期叶面喷施蒸馏水或者10 g/L CaCl2，在果实转色期进行补充红蓝光或者自然光处理，取各处理第1穗和第2穗完全转色的番茄果实，测定不同处理番茄果实生长特性、氮代谢、糖代谢、品质以及不同组分钙含量，分析各个指标的相关性，并且采用主成分分析进行番茄果实综合评价。【结果】与CK相比，Ca处理番茄果实的单果质量、糖酸比、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别显著升高了38.45%，37.83%，40.80%和23.08%；LED处理番茄果实的糖酸比、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量分别升高了25.76%，11.30%，58.60%和22.84%，而可滴定酸含量降低了11.58%；Ca+LED处理糖酸比、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别显著提高了43.80%，30.49%和61.60%，番茄果实硬度、纵径和果型指数均有升高趋势，而可滴定酸含量降低了9.28%。Ca、LED和Ca+LED处理均能促进果实可溶性钙含量的升高。相关性分析表明，番茄果实的硝态氮与总酚含量存在显著正相关；可溶性蛋白与类黄酮呈极显著负相关;可溶性固形物与可滴定酸呈显著正相关；维生素C与类黄酮呈显著正相关，与可溶性钙呈显著负相关。不同处理番茄果实综合评价排名为Ca+LED＞LED＞Ca＞CK。【结论】叶面喷施CaCl2和补充红蓝光均能促进番茄果实生长和品质的改善，并以两者共同作用效果最好。 |
| 关键词: 樱桃番茄 设施栽培 果实品质 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:山西省重点研发计划重点项目（201903D211011）；山西农业大学教学改革项目(YB-202116)；山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(山西省蔬菜产业技术体系) |
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| Effect of exogenous calcium on growth and fruit quality of tomato under red and blue light |
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XU Mengzhu,WANG Yaya,ZHANG Chengfeng,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of red and blue light and exogenous calcium on growth and quality formation of tomato fruits to provide basis for production of high quality tomato fruits.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots with 1/2 times of Hoagland’s nutrient solution and coconut coir as substrate using ‘Zheyingfen No.1’ tomato variety as test material. Four treatments including foliar spray of distilled water+natural light (CK),foliar spray of 10 g/L CaCl2 solution+natural light (Ca),foliar spray of distilled water+supplementary red and blue light (LED),and foliar spray of 10 g/L CaCl2 solution+supplementary red and blue light (Ca+LED) were designed.Foliar sprays of distilled water and 10 g/L CaCl2 were applied at the first flowering and fruiting stage,while light quality of natural light and red and blue light were supplemented at the fruit color transition stage.Then,tomato fruit growth characteristics,nitrogen metabolism,sugar metabolism,quality and calcium content of different components were measured in different treatments.Correlation of each index and the overall evaluation of tomato fruits in different treatments was calculated using principal component analysis.【Result】Compared with CK,single fruit weight,sugar-acid ratio,soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of tomato fruits were significantly increased by 38.45%,37.83%,40.80% and 23.08% under Ca treatment.Sugar acid ratio,soluble sugar,soluble protein and free amino acid contents of tomato fruits were increased by 25.76%,11.30%,58.60% and 22.84%,whereas titratable acid content was decreased by 11.58% under LED treatment.Sugar-acid ratio,soluble sugar and soluble protein content were significantly increased by 43.80%,30.49% and 61.60%,whereas titratable acid content was decreased by 9.28% under Ca+LED treatment.In addition,tomato fruit hardness,longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index were slightly increased under Ca+LED treatment,and soluble calcium content in fruits was increased under Ca,LED and Ca+LED treatments.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrate nitrogen and total phenolic content.Soluble protein showed a highly significant negative correlation with flavonoids,and soluble solids showed a significant positive correlation with organic acids.Vitamin C showed a significant positive correlation with flavonoids and a significant negative correlation with soluble calcium.The principal component analysis showed that the overall evaluation was in the order of Ca+LED>LED>Ca>CK.【Conclusion】Both foliar spraying of CaCl2 and LED supplementation promoted tomato fruit growth and quality improvement,and the Ca+LED combination was better than individual foliar spraying of CaCl2 or LED supplementation. |
| Key words: cherry tomato facility cultivation fruit quality |
