| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究猕猴桃授粉雾化粒径对花粉粒沉积分布的影响，探寻授粉适宜的雾化粒径范围，为建立猕猴桃液体授粉方法提供理论支持。【方法】构建双流式喷雾试验平台，在雾化气压为0.025～0.150 MPa、花粉液流量为0.125 L/min、喷雾时长为0.1 s、喷雾距离为350 mm的喷雾控制参数下进行试验。采用自制雾滴收集器，用称质量法测定单次喷射体积，分析雾化气压对单次喷射体积的影响；用激光粒度仪测量雾化粒径值，建立雾化气压与雾化粒径的关系；用雾滴环形采集片代替花朵采集花粉悬浊液雾滴，通过显微镜分区计数法，明确花粉粒沉积数量在花蕊区和花瓣区的沉积特征；以充分授粉需求花粉粒数为判断标准，确定适宜双流式雾化授粉的花粉液雾化粒径控制范围。【结果】猕猴桃花粉液单次喷射体积与单次喷出的花粉粒数均随雾化气压的增大而减小，当雾化气压为0.150 MPa时，花粉液单次喷出体积最小，为185.9 μL，单次喷出花粉粒数也最小，为15.7万粒；雾化粒径与雾化气压呈非线性负相关关系，雾化气压为0.025～0.150 MPa时对应的雾化粒径为92.8～28.2 μm；花蕊区和花瓣区花粉液雾滴沉积质量都随雾化粒径的增加而减小，且更集中于花蕊区，花蕊区沉积质量占单次喷射质量的比例最高可达10.6%；花蕊区花粉粒数量随雾化粒径的增加而减小，当雾化粒径小于33.7 μm时，花蕊区沉积花粉粒数量可满足充分授粉的需求。【结论】在花粉液流量为0.125 L/min、喷雾时长为0.1 s的工况下，猕猴桃授粉的适宜雾化粒径为28.2～33.7 μm，雾化气压为0.125～0.150 MPa。 |
| 关键词: 猕猴桃 液体授粉 花粉雾化粒径 靶向沉积 机械化授粉 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2021NY-193） |
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| Atomization particle size control based on targeted kiwifruit pollen deposition |
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CHANG Rui,QU Xupeng,SHI Fuxi
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of kiwifruit pollination atomization particle size on pollen deposition and distribution and obtained suitable size range to provide support for establishing liquid pollination method of kiwifruit.【Method】An air-liquid spraying test platform for pollination deposition test was established and experiments were carried out under control parameters including atomization air pressure of 0.025-0.150 MPa,flow of 0.125 L/min,spray length of 0.1 s and spray distance of 350 mm.A self-made droplet collector was used to measure the single spray volume by weighing mass method,and the influence of atomization air pressure on single spraying volume was analyzed.The relationship between atomization air pressure and atomization particle size was established by measuring atomization particle size with laser particle size analyzer.Pollen suspension droplets were collected with pollen droplet collection slice instead of flowers,and the distribution characteristics of pollen grain deposition in pistil area and petal area were determined by microscope zoning counting method.Taking the number of pollen grains required for full pollination as the judgment standard, the suitable control range of pollen liquid atomization particle size for air-liquid atomization pollination was determined.【Result】The single spraying volume of pollen solution and number of pollen grain decreased with the increase of atomization air pressure.When the atomization air pressure was 0.150 MPa,the minimum single spraying volume of pollen solution of 185.9 μL and the minimum single spraying number of pollen grain of 157 000 were obtained.There was a nonlinear negative correlation between atomization particle size and atomization air pressure.When the atomization air pressure was 0.025-0.150 MPa,the corresponding atomization particle size was 92.8-28.2 μm.The droplet deposition mass in pistil area and petal area decreased with the increase of atomized particle size,and the deposition was more concentrated in the pistil area.The ratio of deposition mass in the pistil area accounted for 10.6% of the total mass of each spraying.The number of pollen grains decreased with the increase of atomized particle size,and the number of pollen grains deposited in pistil area met the needs of full pollination when the atomized particle size was less than 33.7 μm.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of 0.125 L/min flow and 0.1 s spray length, the suitable droplet sizes of kiwifruit pollination were 28.2-33.7 μm and the corresponding atomization air pressures were 0.125-0.150 MPa. |
| Key words: kiwifruit liquid pollination pollen of atomization particle size targeted deposition mechanized pollination |
