| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究大兴安岭地区雷击火的发生规律和关键影响因素，为大兴安岭林区雷击火防控决策提供指导。【方法】基于1968-2010年黑龙江大兴安岭地区的雷击火历史统计数据，以及雷电定位监测数据、植被数据、气象数据、DEM数据等，利用Arcmap和统计软件从雷电活动（雷电流强度、陡度、电流极性、能量）、气象因子（降水量、风速、相对湿度、气温）、林分类型（落叶松林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌木林等）和地形（坡度、坡向、海拔）等方面，分析大兴安岭地区雷击火的发生规律。【结果】黑龙江大兴安岭地区1968-2010年共发生508次雷击火，主要集中在5-8月份，其中6月份最为频繁；10:00-17:00是雷击火高发时段；阿木尔、塔河、呼中、新林和松岭是大兴安岭雷击火易发地区。雷电活动对雷击火发生有一定影响，引发雷击火的闪电多为负闪，雷电流强度和陡度分别为-10~-1 kA和-10~-1 kA/μs，雷电流释放的能量与雷击火的发生之间无明显规律性。气象因子中，气温与雷击火发生呈极显著正相关，降水量、相对湿度和风速与雷击火发生相关性不显著。雷击火的发生同样受林分类型和海拔的影响，主要发生在落叶松林中，0°~10°坡度雷击火发生较频繁，坡向对其影响并不显著，海拔300~900 m的地区为雷击火高发区。【结论】明确了大兴安岭地区雷击火的发生规律及影响因素，建议在夏季尤其是6月份对重点林区进行雷击火的监测和预防。 |
| 关键词: 大兴安岭 雷击火 森林火灾 雷电活动 |
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| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（CAFYBB2021ZB001） |
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| Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution and driving factors of lightning-caused fires in Daxing’anling forest region of Heillongjiang |
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ZANG Tongru,SHU Lifu,WANG Mingyu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the occurrence regularity and the key affecting factors of lightning-caused fires in Daxing’anling area to provide guidance for the prevention and control of lightning caused fires in Daxing’anling forest region.【Method】Based on historical data of lightning-caused fire occurrence in Heilongjiang Daxing’anling region from 1968 to 2010,as well as lightning monitoring data,vegetation data,meteorological data and DEM data,Arcmap and statistical software were used to analyze the occurrence regularity of lightning-caused fires from lightning activity (lightning intensity,steepness,polarity and energy),meteorological factors (precipitation,wind velocity,relative humidity and air temperature),forest types (larch forest,broad-leaved forest,mixed broadleaf conifer and shrubs) and terrain (slope,aspect and altitude).【Result】A total of 508 lightning-caused fires occurred during 1968-2010 in Daxing’ anling area of Heilongjiang,mainly from May to August,with the most frequent in June.The peak time for lightning-caused fires was 10:00-17:00.Amuer,Tahe,huzhong,Xinlin and Songling were prone areas.Lightning activity had influences on the occurrence of lightning-caused fires and negative flashes caused more fires,intensity of-10--1 kA and steepness of -10--1 kA/μs.There was no relationship between energy released by lightning and lightning-caused fires.Among meteorological factors,lightning caused fires had significant positive correlations with air temperature,but no significant correlations with precipitation,relative humidity and wind velocity. Forest type and terrain also affected the occurrence of lightning caused fires.Larch forest,0°-10° slope and altitude of 300-900 m favored fires.【Conclusion】This study clarifies the occurrence regularity and the affecting factors of lighting caused fires in Daxing’anling area,and it is suggested that the monitoring of lightning should be carried out in summer,especially in June. |
| Key words: Daxing’ anling lightning-caused fire forest fire lightning activity |
