| 摘要: |
| 【目的】利用黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇（1,8-cineole）对兰州百合采后病害进行防治，为延长兰州百合贮存期提供参考。【方法】以新鲜兰州百合、黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇为材料，以病原细菌摩加夫芽孢杆菌（B-6）和病原真菌李氏木霉（F-2）、篮状菌（F-3）和镰刀菌（F-6）为靶标菌，采用倍比稀释法测定黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇对兰州百合病原细菌B-6的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度；采用熏蒸法测定黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇对3种病原真菌的抑制率，并建立毒力回归方程；采用扫描电镜观察黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇对病原菌细胞壁的影响；分别用黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇处理含有病原细菌悬浮液和病原真菌孢子悬浮液的兰州百合，筛选最佳的防治浓度；测定兰州百合自由基清除率，褐变度，总酚、类黄酮、可溶性总糖和丙二醛含量及保护酶活性。【结果】抑菌结果显示, 黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇对兰州百合病原细菌B-6具有较强的抑制作用，其对病原细菌B-6的MIC值均为1.25 mL/L，MBC值分别为1.25和5.00 mL/L；黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇对兰州百合病原真菌均有较强的毒力作用, 黄花蒿精油和桉叶油醇对F-2、F-3、F-6的EC50分别为0.314，0.336，0.357 mL/L和0.280，0.289，0.420 mL/L。扫描电镜结果显示，对照组病原细菌细胞菌体完整，而黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇处理细菌单个菌体不完整，大量菌体堆积，内容物渗出；对照组病原真菌菌丝为均匀而规则的管状，而黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇处理菌丝表面出现大量褶皱、断裂及扭曲。黄花蒿精油和桉叶油醇对接种病原菌后的兰州百合最佳防治浓度均为15.38 μL/L。生理生化指标测定结果显示，黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇均能抑制兰州百合自身抗氧化活性的下降，降低兰州百合的褐变率，减少MDA积累，增加SOD活性，抑制POD和PPO活性。【结论】黄花蒿精油及其单体桉叶油醇具有良好的抑菌能力和抗氧化活性，对兰州百合的最佳防治浓度均为15.38 μL/L。 |
| 关键词: 黄花蒿精油 桉叶油醇（1,8-cineole） 兰州百合 病害防治 采后病害 百合保鲜 |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省引导科技创新发展专项（2019ZX-05）；甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目（2020C-21）；兰州市科技计划项目（2018-1-104） |
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| Control of postharvest diseases of Lanzhou lily using essential oil of Artemisia annua L. and its monomer eucalyptol |
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LING Lijun,CHENG Wenting,JIANG Kunling,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The Artemisia annua essential oil and its monomer eucalyptol were used to control postharvest diseases of Lanzhou lily to provide reference for prolonging the storage period of Lanzhou lily.【Method】This study selected fresh Lanzhou lily,Artemisia annua essential oil and its monomer eucalyptol as materials and used pathogenic bacteria Bacillus mojavensis (B-6),Trichoderma lixii (F-2),and Talaromyces tumuli (F-3) and Fusarium annulatum (F-6) as targets.The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Artemisia annua essential oil and its monomer eucalyptol against Lanzhou lily pathogen B-6 were determined by the multiple dilution method.The inhibition rates were determined by fumigation method and virulence regression equations were established.Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the effect of Artemisia annua essential oil and monomer on cell wall of pathogenic bacteria.Lily with suspension of pathogenic bacteria and fungal spore was treated with Artemisia annua essential oil and monomer eucalyptol to determine the best fresh keeping concentration.Free radical scavenging rate,browning degree,total phenol and flavonoid content,total soluble sugar content,malondialdehyde content and other post-harvest physiology biochemical indicators were also determined.【Result】Bacteriostatic results showed that Artemisia annua essential oil and its monomer 1,8-cineole had strong inhibitory effect on Lanzhou lily pathogenic bacteria B-6 with MIC of 1.25 mL/L and MBC of 1.25 and 5.00 mL/L,respectively.The EC50 of essential oil of Artemisia annua to F-2,F-3 and F-6 were 0.314,0.336 and 0.357 mL/L,respectively.The EC50 of 1,8-cineole to F-2,F-3 and F-6 were 0.280,0.289 and 0.420 mL/L,respectively.SEM showed that the essential oil of Artemisia annua and its monomer 1,8-cineole destroyed cell wall membrane,and exudation of cell contents led to changes of mycelium morphology.The optimal control concentrations of Artemisia annua essential oil and 1,8-cineole to Lanzhou lily inoculated with pathogens were 15.38 μL/L.Physiological and biochemical indexes showed that Artemisia annua essential oil and its monomer 1,8-cineole could inhibit the decline of antioxidant activity of Lanzhou lily,reduce browning rate and MDA accumulation of Lanzhou lily,increase SOD enzyme activity,and inhibit POD and PPO enzyme activities.【Conclusion】The essential oil of Artemisia annua and 1,8-cineole had good bacteriostatic ability and antioxidant activity,and the best fresh keeping concentration for Lanzhou lily was 15.38 μL/L. |
| Key words: essential oil of Artemisia annua 1,8-cineole Lilium davidii var.unicolor disease control postharvest disease Lilium davidii var.unicolor preservation |
