| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究微生物菌肥部分替代化肥对日光温室土壤细菌群落组成及黄瓜产量的影响，为黄瓜生产中化肥减量及提质增效提供理论指导。【方法】采用大田试验，以黄瓜“甘丰袖玉”为试材，设置100%化肥（2 400 kg/hm2，T1）、60 kg/hm2微生物菌肥+80%化肥（T2）、60 kg/hm2微生物菌肥+60%化肥（T3）、60 kg/hm2微生物菌肥+40%化肥（T4）、对照（T5，不施任何肥料）、单施微生物菌肥（60 kg/hm2，T6） 6个施肥处理，于黄瓜拉秧后采集土样，采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析不同处理下土壤细菌群落的组成，对土壤细菌Alpha多样性及在门、纲、目、科、属水平上的优势菌及其相对丰度进行比较，并基于细菌属水平上的相对丰度进行主成分分析，基于细菌门水平上的相对丰度进行聚类分析，最后比较不同处理的黄瓜产量。【结果】不同处理土壤细菌群落的多样性指数不同，其中T4处理能显著提高土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性。不同处理土壤细菌群落组成也有差异，随着微生物菌肥比例的增加，厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌纲、乳杆菌目、链球菌科、乳球菌属细菌的相对丰度呈现先升高后降低的趋势，其中T3处理优势菌的相对丰度占比总体较高。主成分和聚类分析结果显示，微生物菌肥与化肥配施能够显著改变土壤细菌群落属水平组成，而门水平基本组成保持稳定。各处理黄瓜产量由大到小依次为T2>T3>T4>T1>T6>T5，表明微生物菌肥与化肥配施可提高黄瓜产量。【结论】微生物菌肥替代部分化肥可促进土壤细菌多样性，改善微生物群落结构，从而消除化肥对土壤的不良影响；在黄瓜生产中用微生物菌肥（60 kg/hm2）替代20%～40%的化肥，能够达到一定的增产效果。 |
| 关键词: 微生物菌肥 设施黄瓜 土壤微生物 高通量测序 |
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| 基金项目:国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-23-G-19）, 国家重点研发计划项目“西北地区设施蔬菜农艺型土壤连作障碍调控技术研究与集成示范”（2019YFD1001903-01） |
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| Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by microbial fertilizer on yield of cucumber and soil bacterial community structure in greenhouse |
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YUE Hongzhong,ZHANG Dongqin,HOU Dong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by microbial fertilizer experiment was conducted to analyze its effects on soil bacterial community composition and cucumber yield in solar greenhouse,aiming to provide guidance for efficiency cultivation of cucumber with reduced fertilizer.【Method】Field experiment was conducted with cucumber cultivar of Ganfeng Xiuyu,and six treatments included 100% chemical fertilizer (2 400 kg/hm2,T1),60 kg/hm2 microbial fertilizer combined with 80% chemical fertilizer (T2),60 kg/hm2 microbial fertilizer combined with 60% chemical fertilizer (T3),60 kg/hm2 microbial fertilizer combined with 40% chemical fertilizer (T4),control (T5,no fertilizer),and single microbial fertilizer (60 kg/hm2,T6).Soil samples were collected during seedling pulling stage to analyze the composition of soil bacterial community under different treatments by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology.Then,the Alpha diversity of soil bacteria and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at phylum,class,order,family and genus levels were compared.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were also performed based on the relative abundance at genus level and phylum level,respectively.Finally,the yields of cucumber under different treatments were compared.【Result】The diversity index of soil bacterial community was different between six treatments,and T4 treatment significantly improved the richness and diversity of soil bacterial community.There were differences in soil bacterial community composition between different treatments.The relative abundance of Firmicutes,Bacilli,Lactobacillales,Streptococcaceae and Lactococcus increased first and then decreased with the increase of microbial fertilizer proportion,and the relative abundance of dominant bacteria in T3 treatment was generally higher than others.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the combination of microbial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer significantly changed the genus composition of soil bacterial community,while the phylum composition remained stable.The yields of cucumber of different treatments were in the order of T2>T3>T4>T1>T6>T5,indicating that combined microbial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer could increase cucumber yield.【Conclusion】Partial substitution chemical fertilizer by microbial fertilizer increased soil bacterial diversity,improved microbial community structure,and eliminated the adverse effects of chemical fertilizer on soil.Applying microbial fertilizer (60 kg/hm2) to replace 20%-40% of chemical fertilizer could increase cucumber production. |
| Key words: microbial fertilizer cucumber in greenhouse soil microorganism high throughput sequencing |
